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Blood circulation and Transportation (Bloods function (transport of…
Blood circulation and Transportation
Function of circulatory system (CS)
transports oxygen and nutrients, such as glucose and amino acids, to the cells
picks up wastes and excreted from the body via lungs or kidneys
gas exchange and nutrient-for-waste exchange
transport heat and transmit force.
circulating system in Animals
invertebrates
NOT have a circulatory system BUT gastrovascular cavity
In Cnidarians (i.e. hydra)
In flatworms (i.e. planarian
OPEN circulatory system
Hemolymph
arthropods and molluscs
CLOSED circulatory system
Blood
annelids
vertebrates
Single-loop
double-loop
two atria & single ventricle
two atria & two ventricles
ALL Vertebrates have CLOSED circulatory system
Open circulatory system
grasshopper
colorless blood
Tracheae open to outside and take oxygen directly to flight muscles
Invertebrates
Hemolymph carrying nutrients will be pumped by heart via blood vessels into tissue spaces and eventually drained back to the heart
Slow circulation; only suitable for smaller size invertebrates
Closed circulatory system
Heart pumps blood
Blood moves into capillaries, for exchanges with tissue fluid
Blood then moves from small veins into the dorsal blood vessel (a vein
This dorsal blood vessel returns blood to the heart for
re-pumping
mammalian cardiovascular system
4 chambers
Right side of heart pumps O2-poor blood to lungs, and the left side pumps O2-rich blood to tissues
each sides have 2 chambers
Lower chambers are thick-walled ventricles
Upper, thin-walled chambers are atria (sing., atrium
heart valves
Atrioventricular valves
right atrioventricular valve
left atrioventricular valve
Semilunar valves
pulmonary semilunar valve
aortic semilunar valve
heartbeat
rythmic
70 times a minute, or 2.5 billion times in a lifetime
phases of cardiac cycle (heartbeat)
The atria contract (while the ventricles relax)
The ventricles contract (while the atria relax)
All chambers rest
types of blood vessels
Capillary
permit exchange of material with tissues
Vein
return blood from the capillaries to the heart
Artery
carry blood away from the heart to the capillaries
Path of blood in the body
The Systemic Circuit
Hepatic Portal System
The Pulmonary Circuit
blood pressure
Systolic pressure results from blood being forced into the arteries during ventricular systole
Diastolic pressure is the pressure in the arteries during ventricular diastole
Cardio vascular disease
Stroke
Heart attack
hypertension
Bloods function
transport of metabolites
transport of excretory products
transport of nutrients
transport of gases
transport of hormones
transport of cells of non-respiratory function
transfer of heat from deeper organs to surface for dissipation
transmission of force
types of blood cells
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Lymphocytes
Neutrophils
Blood
Blood disease
Hemophilia
Blood types
ABO system (A,B,O,AB)
Lymphatic system
Lymph vessels – found in all tissues EXCEPT the central neural system, bone marrows, and other tissues without blood vessels (i.e. cartilage
funtions
Fat absorption and transportation from the digestive system
Immunological defense
Fluid Balance (recycle 10% of blood plasma)
primary lymphoid organ
Thymus and bone marrow
secondary lymphoid organ
lymph nodes
Lymphoid follicles in tonsils, adenoids,
Peyer’s patches, spleen, skin, etc
Lymphatic disorder
Elephantiasis
Lymphedema