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Justinian I (Wars in the West (Italy (King of Ostrogoths, who respected…

- - - - Theodohad succeeds him and Justinian disapproves
        
        535 imperial forces commanded by Belisarius invade - by 536 invade Italy and recapture Rome
        
        Justinian becomes suspicious of Belisarius and recalls him
        
        Different King of Ostrogoths succeeds after man who deposed original is captured - he captures and abandons Rome, imperial forces retake in 550
    - - Due to the fierce opposition from the Ostrogoths and indifference and sometimes resistance from Italian people
  - - - Prior to this Arian Vandals had ruled
        
        Justinian supposedly equally motivated by a desire to rid heresy as to regain territory
      - More of a success than anyone expected - encouraged by it Justinian makes attempts on the Vandal's Med. territories then onto Italy
  - - - 551 Civil war between King of Visigoths and Athanagild - Athanagild begs for Justinian's help
        
        552 Roman army invades
        
        554 Athenagild succeeds but Byzantine does not withdraw
- - - - Embarrassment
      - By 564 Justinian agrees with Monophysites - goes heretical
      - Can control the church but is not a member of it
- - - - Belisarius repeatedly recalled and sent back - Justinian can't trust him or live without him
- - - - Makes law more accessible
- - - - Had friendly relations with kings of Vandals and Ostrogoths - if he always intended to topple them seems very cynical - marriage pacts, embassies
      - Issues laws for Italy as though he expects the Goths to enforce them
      - Frankish and Visigothic breakaway gestures imply that they may have been subject to imperial rule earlier e.g. striking coinage in the name of their kings rather than the emperor
  - - - West is partly regained
        
        Some argue that the gains made in the West are indefensible - but seem to hold out for many years - Africa held until Muslims take it
        
        Italy not held for very long - Lombards take it
        
        Protests in regained territories over lack of governors and too much taxation
      - Laws implemented and updated are a lasting success
      - Buildings e.g. Hagia Sophia
      - Coexisted with the Franks - didn't have a choice, sensible - Maas
      - Arguably created a more unified Christ Roman society - Maas
    - - Attempts to reconcile the church split it further and result in Justinian being declared a heretic - can remove and add people to power but cannot control what they think
      - Argument that Justinian allegedly bankrupted the realm for his conquests - but predecessor's cutbacks from barbarian payments are disastrous
      - The mood had changed from one of hope at the start of Justinian's reign to angry frustration by the time of his death - Maas
      - Lombard invasion of Rome after his death was a direct result of his machinations at Pannonia - Maas
- - - - Tract about how awful Justinian and his wife are - unsure who was ever meant to read it
        
        Wars that Justinian conducted cost a lot of money and fell apart after his death
    - - Official histories requested by Justinian
    - - First seen in campaign staff for Belisarius - highly loyal to him, wars that he loses are not his fault but Justinian's
- - - - e.g. repairs to Long Walls of Constantinople
    - - Supposedly embodied the ideals of Christian renovation that Justinian wanted present throughout his reign