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Research Techniques (Types Of Research (Descriptive Versus Analytical…
Research Techniques
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Hypothesis
Hypothesis may be defined as a proposition or a set of propositions set forth as an explanation for the occurrence of some specified group of phenomena either asserted merely as a provisional conjecture to guide some investigation in the light of established facts
Characteristics Of Hypothesis
- precise and clear
- be capable of being put to test
- must state relationship between two variables
- be specific and limited in scope
- stated in the simplest language
- must be amenable to testing within a stipulated or reasonable period of time
- should explain what it actually wants to explain, and for this it should also have an empirical reference
Types
Null
When two methods A and B are compared on their relative superiority, and it is assumed that both the methods are equally good, then such a statement is called as the null hypothesis.
“Null Hypothesis is the hypothesis which is tested for possible rejection under the assumption that it is true
Alternate
On the other hand, if method A is considered relatively superior to method B, or vice-versa, then such a statement is known as an alternative hypothesis
Alternative hypothesis is usually the one which a researcher wishes to prove, whereas the null hypothesis is the one which he/she wishes to disprove. Thus, a null hypothesis is usually the one which a researcher tries to reject, while an alternative hypothesis is the one that represents all other possibilities
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Research Approaches
Quantitative
involves the collection of quantitative data, which are put to rigorous quantitative analysis in a formal and rigid manner
experimental, inferential, and simulation
Qualitative
method of subjective assessment of opinions, behaviour and attitudes
Types of data
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secondary data refers to the data that have already been collected and used earlier by somebody or some agency
- Published sources
- Unpublished sources.
Objectives Of Research
- To gain familiarity with new insights into a phenomenon (i.e., formulative research studies);
- To accurately portray the characteristics of a particular individual, group, or a situation (i.e., descriptive research studies);
- To analyse the frequency with which something occurs (i.e., diagnostic research studies); and
- To examine the hypothesis of a causal relationship between two variables (i.e., hypothesis-testing research studies).
Research Process
(1) Formulating the research problem;
(2) Extensive literature survey;
(3) Developing hypothesis;
(4) Preparing the research design;
(5) Determining sample design;
(6) Collecting data;
(7) Execution of the project;
(8) Analysis of data;
(9) Hypothesis testing;
(10) Generalization and interpretation, and
(11) Preparation of the report or presentation of the results
Types Of Research Design
(1) Exploratory Research Design;
(2) Descriptive and Diagnostic Research Design; and
(3) Hypothesis-Testing Research Design.
research is the search for knowledge, using objective and systematic methods to find solution to a problem