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THE FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE 5 LAYERS OF TCP/IP
THE FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE 5 LAYERS OF TCP/IP 
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3. NETWORK LAYER (IP)
ROUTING.
Moving data across a series of interconnected networks. Handle incoming packets from various sources, determine their final destination, and figure out where they need to be sent where they're supposed to be.
DATAGRAM ENCAPSULATION. Encapsulates messages received from a higher layers by placing them into datagrams (packets) with a network layer header.
LOGICAL ADDRESSING. Every device that communicates over a network has associated with it a logical address, sometimes called a layer three address. For example, on the Internet, the Internet Protocol (IP) is the network layer protocol and every machine has an IP address. Note that addressing is done at the data link layer as well, but those addresses refer to local physical devices. In contrast, logical addresses are independent of particular hardware and must be unique across an entire internetwork.
FRAGMENTATION AND REASSEMBLY. Some data link layer technologies have limits on the length of any message that can be sent, so, the network layer splits the packet and send to data link layer. once arrived, the pieces are reassembled on the destination machine.
ERROR HANDLING AND DIAGNOSTICS. Special protocol are used to allow devices that to exchange information about the status of the hosts on the network/device.
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2. DATA LINK LAYER (MAC)
DATA FRAMING. Responsible for the final encapsulation of higher level messages into frames that are sent over the network at the physical layer.
ADDRESSING. Labels information with particular destination location where each device has a unique number called MAC address or hardware address.
MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL (MAC), Controls access to the network medium.
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LOGICAL LINK CONTROL (LLC). This layer establish and control logical links between local devices on a network.
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1. PHYSICAL LAYER
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Responsible for various encoding and signaling functions that transform the data from bits that reside within a computer/other device into signals that can be sent over the network.
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