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MODELS OF SPEECH PERCEPTION - LLE 2 (Language comprehension involves…
MODELS OF SPEECH PERCEPTION - LLE 2
TOP DOWN PROCESSING
from semantic and syntactic info
to lexical info gained from sensory input
Higher level info to predict what is to follow in the signal
eg: when hearing 'the', listener begins constructing a a Noun Phrase (NP) - expects that next word could be a noun , eg 'boy' --- USES KNOWLEDGE OF PHRASE STRUCTURE as source of info
has a role for context (top down processing) in segmentation
eg:
:check: phonetic sequence [g,r,e,d,e] in context of meat or eggs will be heard as 'Grade A'
:check:
in a discussion of weather, it is heard as 'grey day'
eg sequence of phonemenes compatible with 2 segmentations - but phonetic details of pronunciation can signal where word boundary is
[n a
t
ret] as in
:check: night rate - t is part of the coda of the first syllable and aspirated or
:check:nitrate t begins the onset of the second syllable, which is stressed and t is aspirated
BOTTOM UP PROCESSING
moves step by step from incoming acoustic (or visual) signal -- to phonemes, morphemes -- to words and phrases --- to semantic interpretation
Each step of building meaning is based on sensory data and accompanying lexical info.
Listener waits for 'the' and 'boy' before constructing a NP, tehn waits for next word etc...
Language comprehension involves certain sub-operations: segmenting continuous speech signals
A. into phonemes, morphemes, words and phrases, :
B.
looking up up words and morphemes in mental lexicon,
C. finding appropriate meanings of ambiguous words
D. parsing into tree structures
E.
choosing among different possible structures when there are syntactic ambiguities
F. making a mental model of discourse
G. updating model to reflect the meaning of the new sentence
Language perception and comprehension involves both top-down processing and bottom-up processing