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LU8: BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORTATION FIKRI (50609) RYNIER (53699)…
LU8: BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORTATION
FIKRI (50609)
RYNIER (53699)
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
FUNCTION:
transport oxygen & nutrients
transport waste
gaseous exchange through capillaries
transport heat & force
INVERTEBRATES
GASTROVASCULAR CAVITY:
1) CNIDARIANS (HYDRA)
gastrovascular cavity
cell exposed to water
independently gases exchange, nutrient uptake, waste removal.
2) FLATWORMS (PLANARIAN)
trilobe gastrovascular cavity
small & flat body
effective diffusion
OPEN:
arthropods & molluscs
hemolymph : pump via vessels into tissue and back to heart
slow delivery of oxygen & nutrients
CLOSED:
annelids (earthworms)
blood pumped to blood vessels system
valve prevent backward of blood flow
blood moves into capillaries: exchanges with tissue fluid
blood moves into vein: return to heart for re-pumping
VERTEBRATES
SINGLE LOOP (fish):
single atrium, single ventricle
pump blood to gills (gains oxygen)
oxygenated blood pumped to cells, before re-transport back to heart.
TWO CIRCUIT PATHWAY
1) AMPHIBIANS, MOST REPTILES
two atria, single vetricle
pulmonary circuit: pump blood to lung
systemic circuit: pump blood to body cells
single ventricle: O2-rich & O2-poor keep separated
2) BIRDS, MAMMALS, SOME REPTILES
complete separation of pulmonary & systemic circuit
2 atria, 2 ventricle
right ventricle: pump blood to lungs
left ventricles: pump blood to body parts
BLOOD VESSELS
ARTERIES
carry blood away from heart
thick wall for pressure transfer to body parts
capillaries: exchange materials with tissue (thin wall)
VEINS
return blood to heart
have valve (unidirectional blood flow)
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE
hypertension: plaque (clot) interferes the blood flow
stroke: cranial arteriole burst or blocked by embolus
heart attack: coronary artery completely blocked (heart muscle lack of oxygen)
PREVENTION
1) DO
healthy diet
cholesterol profile
Exercise
2) Dont's
smoking
drug abuse
weight gain
BLOOD'S FUNCTION
transport nutrients/metabolites/hormones
transport waste
-transport gases
transport non-respiratory cells (leucocytes)
transport heat & forces
BLOOD DISORDER
Hemophilia
: inherited clotting disorder
: absence particular clotting factor
easily cause internal bleeding
TYPE OF BLOOD
erythrocytes: transport oxygen
leukocytes: fight infections
neutrophils: engulf foreign materials
lymphocytes (B & T-cells): fighting infection
monocytes; release leukocytes growth factors
Eosinophils: allergy response mediators
basophils: prevent immediate blood clotting
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
FUNCTION
fuid balance
fat absorption
transportation from digestiive system
immunological defense
PRIMARY ORGANS
thymus & bone marrow
production and selection of lymphocytes
SECONDARY ORGANS
lymph nodes, spleen, adenoid, lymphoid follicles in tonsils, Ppeyer's patches.
lymphocyte activation
LYMPHATIC DISORDER
lymphedema
elephantiasis