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LANGUAGE LEARNING AND THE BRAIN - LLE 1 (Evidence for localisation -…
LANGUAGE LEARNING AND THE BRAIN - LLE 1
Evidence for localisation - aphasia
Broca's area
location - frontal lobe
(together with general motor and premotor areas)
motor speech area
helps in movements required to produce speech
where there is an issue in Broca's area -
BUT cant produce any himself
Loss of ability to produce written and spoken language
patient can understand speech of others
Patient gets frustrated as they have insight into the problem
characterised by laboured speech and certain kinds of word -finding difficulties
a disorder that affects people's ability to form sentences with the rules of syntax
Language produced is often agrammatic - meaning it frequently lacks articles, prepositions, pronouns and auxiliary verbs and function words
typically omit inflections such as the past tense suffix 'ed' and singular suffix 's'
often known as
agrammatic aphasia
, with difficulty in understanding complex sentences which comprehension depends on exclusively syntactic structure
cannot rely on their real world knowledge
Wernicke's area
location - parietal and temporal lobe
(also contains general sensory area and gustatory area for taste sensation)
sensory speech area
helps in understanding speech and using correct words to express one's thoughts
when there is an issue in Wernicke's area
may be able to produce speech
BUT cannot understand speech of others
Inability to understand written/spoken form
cannot use the correct words to express
can produce fluent speech with good intonation, and largely adhere to rules of syntax
speech often semantically incoherent
have difficulty naming objects presented to them and in choosing words in spontaneous speech
often produce jargons or nonsense words, so is known as
'jargon aphasia'
concerned with the modular organisation of language in the brain
shows how words are organised in the mental lexicon
substituted words are similar to the intended words in their minds
eg: tool substituted for pool
errors occur more frequently
shows neural connections exist among semantically related words and among words that sound alike
LATERALISATION
as human brain matures certain functions are assigned or 'lateralised' to the left hemisphere of the brain and certain functions appear to the right hemisphere.
refers to the localisation of function to one hemisphere of the brain, which also means that language is mainly controlled from one side of the brain
LOCALISATION
Franz Joseph Gall
brain not a uniform mass
different human cognitive abilities and behaviour are localised in specific parts of the brain -
i.e specific area of brain corresponds to particular activity
linguistic and other cognitive capacity are functions of localised brain areas
proven by scientific investigation of brain disorders
BROCA'S APHASIA - expressive aphasia/ non-fluent aphasia
WERNICKE'S APHASIA-
receptive aphasia/
fluent aphasia/
WHICH PART OF THE BRAIN IS RESPONSIBLE FOR HUMAN LINGUISTIC ABILITY