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Learning theories (Behaviorism (Passive learner (The behavior is shaped…
Learning theories
Behaviorism
Main idea : Behavior is caused by external stimuli
Passive learner
The behavior is shaped through positive or negative reinforcement
Reinforcement (+ or -) increases probability antecedent behavior happen again
Punishment (+ or -) decreases probability antecedent behavior happen again
Positive : Application of stimulus / Negative : Withhold of stimulus
Cognitivism
Main idea : Mental functions can be understood
Information processor learner
Thinking, memory, knowing, problem-solving are thinking processes to be explored
Humans are not programmed, they are rational beings
Constructivism
Main idea : Learning is an active, constructive process
Information constructor learner
Humans actively construct their subjective representations of objective reality
Knowledge is constructed based on personal experiences and hypothesis of environment
Humanism
Main idea : Learning is a personal act to fulfill one's potential
Learner
Student-centered and personalized learning
The educator is a facilitator
Develop self actualized learners in a cooperative and supportive environment
Freedom / Dignity / Potential