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Heat & Temperature (Heat (Thermal energy transferred from a hotter to…

- - - - Temperature is not energy, it is a number proportional to a type of energy.
      - Temperature directly relates to the kinetic energy of the molecules.
      - A change in average kinetic energy is not directly proportional to a change in average speed.
    - - State when the objects in contact are no longer transferring any net energy to each other, because they reached the equilibrium and are at the same temperature, so that temperature is a property of the objects.
    - - An object with less massive molecules will have higher molecular speed at the same temperature.
      - When kinetic temperature applies, two objects with the same average translational kinetic energy will have the same temperature.
      - Increasing temperature will increase molecular speed.
    - - Systems will spontaneously proceed toward states with higher entropy.
    - - Kelvin
        
        Called absolute temperature. The triple point of water is exactly 273.16 K.
      - Fahrenheit
        
        32 for the freezing point of water and 212 for the boiling point of water.
      - Celsius
        
        0 for the freezing point of water and 100 for the boiling point of water.
      - Rankine
        
        The zero of the Rankine scale is -459.67 °F (absolute zero) and the freezing point of water is 491.67 R = 32 °F.
- - - - The substance can experience a rise in temperature.
      - The substance can change state (or phase).
    - - The internal energy may be increased by transferring energy to the object from a higher temperature (hotter) object
    - - Heat flow
      - Work
    - - Energy associated with the random, disordered motion of molecules. It is separated in scale from the macroscopic ordered energy associated with moving objects; it refers to the invisible microscopic energy on the atomic and molecular scale.
    - - Mathematically relating the amount of thermal energy gained (or lost) by a sample of any substance to the sample's mass and its resulting temperature change.
        
        Equation
        
        Q = m•C•ΔT