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Virtual Migration of software labor (spatial integration decouples work…
Virtual Migration of software labor
rising tendency to conform to the virtual
labor moves and migrates w/o the worker's body
spatial integration decouples work performance and the work site
transnationalist capitalist drive to harness cheaper skilled labor outside national borders by novel means
integrates pockets of the world by tightening the interconnectedness of labor, capital and administration
labor in india has been integrated into American corporate sites 20,000 mi away to a matter of faster or slower transmission speeds
more than 800 firm sin India providing virtua llabor to corps in the US
Indian firms 75-25 model to avoid problems of cooordination; 25 % of work force in the US to coordinate and mediate between the Indian team and american client
constant support, maintenance, enhancement of information systems + independent software projects
skills ->in terms of saturation, programming for a definite task vs. for imagined ( no procedure yet identified, relatively unsaturated)
In India, more SATURATED skills (higher quality)
technoliges for integration constantly employed and upgrade --> globalization is actively enacted
IT enabled skills = mostly saturated, vivid example of virtual migration; connection through voice links and online databases
economic organization =more networked labor, information, and capital, rather than seperate units -
NETWORK FLEXIBILITY
Castell - understanding the emerging economic regime in terms of networks avoids the national-global dichotomy that has clouded most debates on globalization and the idea of networks enables an analysis based on flows rater than isolated entities
temporal integration unifies different time zones
follow the sun approach, two time zones sequentially patterned for competitive advantage; night in the US = morning in India
extracting from time, as if in its fragmentation it were inexhausible - ie. technical developments associated with virtual migration make available the productive time of workers who are not part of the territorial community
24 hr office model does not always work- some projects need constant interaction and lack precise specifications and standards to permit the temporal independence and neat delineation of 12 hrs for each side
Horizontal disconnect
the instantaneous flow of labor from India to the United states both facilitates and inhibits work organization along space and time dimensions
cannot overcome sociocultural differences
the screen does allow for gatherings not posible in face-to-face situations - so many workers, managers, and developers to watch the same screen and make changes to the same database/ or fofr traders to simultaneously watch the market
problem of virtual migration = synchrony across sociocultural and physical divides
barriers to systematic integration: temporal lag in data communication links
David Harvey - time/space compression
temporal dissonance
time zone difference hinders instant communication
some companies open a branch outside the US in the same time zone in order to avoid higher wages w/o losing temporal proximity