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Railroad Advertisement (Caitlin (Facts about CPR (Time Periods (Ended in…
Railroad Advertisement
Caitlin
Facts about CPR
Time Periods
Began in 1881
following B.C entrance into the confederation of Canada in 1871
Ended in 1885
The railway took 4 years to build
6 years less than promised
This was a miracle because not many people could build a railway in only 4 years
In order to find a route through the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, the Canadian Pacific Railway paid a surveyor names Major Albert Bowman Rogers $5000 to find a pass. He found it in 1881 and it was named Rogers Pass in his honor.
Causes of founding
The Canadian Pacific Railway was built because of Sir John A. Macdonald promised to connect B.C. to Eastern Canada
A way to make B.C happy to confederate, and bribe them into joining Canada
John A. Macdonald made this decision
The first spike of the Canadian Pacific Railway was driven into the ground at Bonfield, Ontario.
One section of the railway at the border of Alberta and B.C. was especially difficult. Kicking Horse Pass had such a drop that runaway trains occurred frequently until 25 years later when the Spiral Tunnels were completed.
The construction workers went through many hardships to build the railway, including the dense bush, extremely rugged land, forest fires, mosquitos, and wildlife such a grizzly bears, moose, wolves, and coyotes.
The first transcontinental passenger train to make the trip along the Canadian Pacific Railway left Montreal, Quebec, at Dalhousie Station on June 28th, 1886 at 8 pm. It arrived in Port Moody, B.C. on July 4th, 1886 at noon.
A lot of lives were lost in the making of this railway. 15,000 Chinese Canadians helped in the building of this railway, and for every kilometer of the railway, one life was lost.
The first passenger train left Montreal on 28th June, 1886. CPR provided its own sleeping and dining cars on trains and constructed tourist hotels.
The Canadian National Railway was incorporated in 1881, with a purpose of constructing a transcontinental railway
Route of the CPR
Begins in Vancouver
Blue and Red Route
Ends in Montreal or Toronto
Montreal Red Route
Toronto Blue and Red Route
Goes though:
Calgary
Red Route
Edmonton
Blue Route
Saskatoon
Blue Route
Regina
Red Route
Winnipeg
Blue and Red Route
Sudbury
Blue and Red Route
Ottawa
Red Route
Vancouver
Blue and Red Route
Toronto
Blue and Red Route
The Red Route
The red route goes from Vancouver, and parts at Sudbury, to end at both Montreal and Toronto
City's
Sudbury
Winnepeg
Calgary
Regina
Ottawa
The red route stays near the border between Canada and the U.S, and it splits into two different railways at Sudbury, and one goes up to Ottawa and ends at the next stop at Montreal, and the other goes right down to Toronto
The Blue Route
The blue route goes from Vancouver, and ends in Toronto
City's
Sudbury
Winnipeg
Saskatoon
Edmonton
Toronto
Vancouver
The blue route takes a turn away from the red route at about half way between Vancouver and Edmonton
The blue route does not part at any time, it ends right at Toronto
Sophia
What natural and manmade resources were needed to build the CPR?
wood
steel
dynamite
What problems did it face as it was being built? (E.g. Pacific Scandal of 1872-73)
the amount of time.
the CPR was a "bribe" to Atlantic Canada to join confederation. when canada became a country John A. Macdonald said it would be finished in 10 years, which is a short time to build a railroad with no machinerie from one side of Canada to the other.
the amount of lives lost
A lot of lives were lost in the making of this railway. 15,000 Chinese Canadians helped in the building of this railway, and for every kilometer of the railway, one life was lost.
Cayden
How were the Chinese workers treated?
Jobs and pay
The job acquired by most Chinese laborers was to blast tunnels through the rocks using explosives
They were also responsible for handling explosives
Laborers were paid between $1.00 and $2.50 per hour
Unlike the white workers
the chinese had to pay for:
Money to support family
Mail/communication
Clothing
Transportation
Clothing
Food
Medical care
Safety and health
Many workers died through accidents caused by explosives
Disasters like the avalanches and landslides also took lives
The workers also did not have adequate living conditions and ate the cheapest foods
They usually lived in tents or in boxcars
It was a very communal way of living so contagious diseases spread easily
They did not have the money for produce (fruits and vegetables)
This made scurvy another issue
What did the CPR do for Canada?
The railroad increased relations and expansions throughout Canada
It was easier to trade within Canada
This is because trade could happen more efficiently
People would be expanding closer to the railway because it was easiest to travel to, most of your trading partners would be accessible by the train
It also made it easier for people to settle in the less populated places
By expanding the areas where people settled the resources unique to that area could now be accessed
People who were moving from East, West and Atlantic Canada were still connected to the more populated areas via the railway
The railroad helped unite Canada from coast to coast
If it were not for the railway British Columbia may not have agreed to join Canada
Immigration
New immigrants had the opportunities to build stronger communities in which they felt included
This is because new immigrants may find it harder to feel at home in a city that has already been developed and is running
These new cities were still in the process of being built and developed
The Canadian National Railway was incorporated in 1881, with a purpose of constructing a transcontinental railway
The first passenger train left Montreal on 28th June, 1886. CPR provided its own sleeping and dining cars on trains and constructed tourist hotels.
During the first year of
construction crews laid only 211 kilometers
of railway track.
Cornelius Van Horne was famous for being a vice president in 1884. Four years later, he became the president of CPR and worked until retiring at 1899. Then he became a chairman of its board of directors in 1899, and worked until 1910.
The mountains were a problem. There was no modern equipment to build a path, so surveyor Major A.B. Rogers searched for a solution. He thought that the railway could use a pass through Selkirk mountains. Which is now know as Majors pass in his honor.
However, the pass was very steep. Pusher locomotives had to help trains and as avalanches blocked the way in winter, many had lost their lives. The Duke of Connaught opened a tunnel as it was safer. The tunnel was named after him
Attempts to capture traffic from the western American states were made with construction of a line to North Dakota and control of what is presently Soo Railroad company in the United States. Branch lines were extended a lot to feed the traffic.
Over 17,000 Chinese came to Canada from 1881 through 1884. Several thousand came from the coastal areas of the United States where they helped build the American transcontinental railroad, but the majority arrived directly from southern China. Most of these arrivals worked as laborers on the railroad.
CPR offered William Cornelius Van Horne $15k per year to become the general manager. His job was to finish building it through the prairies and mountains.
The Last Spike
The Last Spike was done on November 7th 1885
This marked the end of the Canadian Pacific Railway's construction
Donald Smith drove in the last spike
He was the eldest of the four CPR directors
Because of his seniority in the field he was granted the honour
He missed his first attempt at hitting the spike but succeeded the second time
The photo of him hitting the spike is one of the most famous photographs of historical Canadian events
The last spike was held on Highway 1 in Craigellachie, British Columbia
The last spike was not a grand event even though it signified the end of a huge and very important construction job
There was no more money left in the fund to host a large event only the most dignified and other company men were there
Tanisha
