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Anemia (Inadequate Production of RBC (Aplastic Anemia (Secondary (Viruses,…

- - - - Viruses, Drugs, Chemicals, Autoimmune damage
- - - - Plummer-Vinson Syndrome
    - - Inc. TIBC & FEP
      - Dec. Ferritin, Fe., %Saturation Transferrin
  - - - Signs
        
        Decreased TIBC, Serum Fe., %sat. Tranferrin
        
        Increased Ferritin & FEP #
  - - - Target Cells
      - Electrophoresis
        
        Increased HbA2
        
        HbF present
        
        Decreased HbA
      - Nucleated RBCs
    - - Target Cells #
      - Electrophorysis
        
        3 gene deletion
        
        HbH - Beta chains
        
        4 gene deletion
        
        Hb Barts - gamma chains
      - 2 gene deletion - Inc. RBC count
- - - - GPI mutation
      - Loss of DAF -> activation of Complement
      - Flowcytometry
        
        RBC lack CD55
    - - Lack of G6PD to replenish NADPH
        
        Oxidative injury to RBC
      - Infections, Drugs, Fava beans
      - Hemoglobinuria - RBC w/ Heinz bodies
    - - DIC, TTP-HUS, HELLP
        
        Shearing due to thrombi
        
        Tertiary Iron Deficiency # #
      - Schistocytes on PB smear
    - - Bursting of RBC due to infection
      - Splenomegaly
        
        mild extravascular hemolysis
      - Protective disorders # # #
  - - - Membrane Protein Defect
        
        Ankyrin
        
        Spectrin
        
        Band 3 or 4.2
      - Loss of central pallor
    - - Glutamic Acid -> Valine
      - Sickling crisis
        
        Dehydration
        
        Acidosis
        
        Hypoxia
      - Signs
        
        Sickling of RBC
        
        HbS on Electrophorysis
    - - Glutamic Acid -> Lysine
      - Hb Crystals present