Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Chapter 14, Standardized Tests and Accountability (Issues with…
Chapter 14, Standardized Tests and Accountability
Standardized Tests
Selection and Placement
Diagnosis
Evaluation and accountability
School Improvement
Types of Standardized Test
Aptitude
Aims to predicate ability of students to learn or perform particular tasks
IQ test
ratio of mental age to chronological age
designed to provide a general indication of an individual's aptitudes in many areas of intellectual functioning
Multifactor Aptitude Test
example: SAT
scholastic abilities tests
Norm-referenced Achievement
Assess student's knowledge in particular content area
Achievement batteries
example: California achievement test
Measure individual or group achievement in a variety of subjects
Diagnostic tests
Focus on specific content area and emphasis skills deemed necessary for mastery of it
example: Standardized math test
Single-subject achievement measures
Teachers make up classroom tests to assess skills in specific subjects
example: Chapter 2 quiz
Criterion-referenced Achievement
measure's the degree to which the student has mastered certain well-specified skills
example: fill in outline map of South America
How are educators held accountable for student achievement?
No Child Left Behind
Annual Testing
Disaggregated reporting of scores
Adequate yearly progress
Consequences for not meeting AYP
Education Policies of the Obama Administration
Link student test score data to their individual teachers so this information can be used in teacher retention and promotion
States to agree on standards and assessments to remove state-to-state variation
States encouraged to make major changes in persistently failing schools
Turn school into a charter
Close the school
Fire and replace staff
Common Core State Standards
46 states have signed and adopted it
Purpose is to have all American students and schools working toward similar objectives similar to those used in European and Asian countries that routinely score better
Aims to eliminate state to state differences
Emphasizes
Writing
Argumentation
Reasoning
Technology
Standardized Test Interpretation
Percentile Scores
Indicates percentage of students in the norming group who scored lower than a particular score
Grade-Equivalent Scores
Relates students' scores to the average scores obtained by students at a particular grade level
easy to interpret
Normal Curve Equivalents
Describes a distribution of scores in which most fall near the mean with a symmetrically smaller number of scores appearing the farther we go above or below the median
Issues with Standardized Tests and Classroom Testing
Test Validity
The validity of a test is the extent to which those inferences are justified
Content Evidence of Validity
Assessment of the degree of overlap between what is taught and what is tested
Criterion-Related Evidence of Validity
Compares test results with expectations based on understandings about these various assessments
Concurrent evidence
Discriminent evidence
Test Reliability
Relates to the acurracy with which these skills and knowledge are measured
Influencers:
Lucky vs. unlucky guessing
Ambiguous test times
Inconsistent motivation
Anxiety
Test Bias
Critics argue
Provide false information about the status of learning in the nation's schools
Biased against certain students
Tend to corrupt the process of teaching and learning
Focus time, energy, and attention on the simpler skills that are easily tested and away from higher-order thinking skills and creative endeavors
Computerized Test Administration
Computer Adaptive Administration
Follow-up any single item depending on the student's success in answering, with harder items following
Testing Accommodations for Students with Disabilities
Not Controversial
Enlarging text for students with vision problems
Controversial
Extended test time
Reading items to students
Testing Accommodations for English Learners
Tests in their native language and English at the same time
Rewriting tests with simplified instructions
Providing extra time