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Nutrition Through the Lifecycle (Lactation (calorie gain recommendations…
Nutrition Through the Lifecycle
Pre-pregnancy
obesity and weight gain
nutrients prone to be lacking
Pregnancy
CALORIES
you're only eating for 2 (TWO) when you're in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters (6th-9th months)
2nd - extra 340 calories/day
3rd - extra 452 calories/day
your baby's added weight, and your previous fattness
underweight (BMI <18.5) --> gain 28-40 lbs
normal weight (BMI = 18.5- 24.9) --> gain 25-35 lbs
overweight (BMI 25-29.9) --> gain 15-25 lbs
obese (>30 BMI) --> gain 11-20 lbs
following these weight guidelines are good, because
reduces GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus)
reduces C section risk
reduces risk of overweight infant
preeclampsia (high blood pressure & liver/kidney damage during pregnancy)
lower APGAR score (score for healthiness of baby ingeneral)
seizure risk
future overweightness
GENERAL foods to eat
multivitamin
twins or triplets
substance abuse
anemic mom
poor diet mom
strict vegan mom
same Ca requirements, but generally want to recommend more calcium bc women are already undereating
NO alcohol
600 ug of synthetic dietary folic acid
prescription iron supplement
27 mg/day
SEAFOOD GOOD!!!
(omega 3 = brain development)
buuutttt
be careful of shark, swordfish, king MACKEREL, and limit albacore tuna (mature tuna)
LESS Caffeine (<200mg)
just one eight ounce coffee, generic brewed, is already 133 calories
YES nonnutritive sweeteners, but sucrolose is safest
herbal supplements are not supported by enough research
30 min/day of physical activity, if you've been inactive before
if active, continue
Lactation
calorie gain recommendations
500 extra calories
1 glass fluids extra / feeding of baby
1 glass fluids extra per meal
vitamins and mineral needs higher
inadequate diet affects QUANTITY, not QUALITY of your milk (except for certain vitamins)
benefits of breastmilk
mom
breast and ovarian cancer
hip fractures and bone density
arthritis
because breastfeeding EXCLUSIVELY prevents menstruation
baby
ear infection
respiratory infection
urinary tract infection
allergic disease
diabetes
cardiovascular disease
cancer
dental health
breast milk has ANTIBODIES
breastfeeding Recommendations
WHO
exclusive breastfeed 1st 6 months
complementary foods after 6 months
wean @ 2 years
AAP (american association of pediatrics)
exclusive breastfed 1st 6 months
complementary foods after 6 months
wean @ age 1 yrs
(cultural thing)
WHEN TO NOT BREASTFEED
#
baby has galactosemia
can't digest galactose, a monosaccharide found WITHIN lactose
mom has
illegal drugs
TB
HIV/AIDS
on meds that would affect the milk
things you can do
learning how to breastfeed
attend prenatal counseling
how do you know baby is eating enough?!
1st 3 months: poop, # soiled diapers, pee
baby
GROWING
WEIGHT
triple by BDAY #1
double by
5th month
10 inch growth by BDAY 1
e.g. if baby was 1.67 feet day 1, then should be 2.5 feet by BDAY 1
CALORIES
120 calories / kg of weight
child
adolescent
risks
caloric recommendations
adult
elderly
risk
caloric recommendations
51-70
70 and above