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The Human Body (Organ (Def. Part of an organism that is typically self…
The Human Body
Organ
Def. Part of an organism that is typically self-contained and has a specific vital function, such as the heart or liver in humans.
Respiratory system: A high concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood triggers faster breathing. The lungs exhale more frequently, which removes carbon dioxide from the body more quickly.
Excretory system: A low level of water in the blood triggers retention of water by the kidneys. The kidneys produce more concentrated urine, so less water is lost from the body.
Endocrine system: A high concentration of sugar in the blood triggers secretion of insulin by an endocrine gland called the pancreas. Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb sugar from the blood.
Cells
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Homeostasis: the tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium between interdependent elements, especially as maintained by physiological processes.
The nervous and endocrine systems exert the ultimate control over homeostasis because they coordinate the functions of the body's systems. Regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, pH, and glucose concentration are four examples of how the body maintains homeostasis.
Tissue
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Tissue types
Connective Tissue: Is made up of cells that form the body’s structure. Examples include bone and cartilage.
Muscle Tissue: Is made up of cells that have the unique ability to contract, or become shorter. Muscles attached to bones enable the body to move.
Epithelial Tissue: Is made up of cells that line inner and outer body surfaces, such as the skin and the lining of the digestive tract. Epithelial tissue protects the body and its internal organs, secretes substances such as hormones, and absorbs substances such as nutrients.
Nervous Tissue: Is made up of neurons, or nerve cells, that carry electrical messages. Nervous tissue makes up the brain and the nerves that connect the brain to all parts of the body.
Organ systems
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Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized in order to perform different functions. Multi cellular organisms begin as just one single cell—a fertilized egg.