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Multi-Store Model Of Memory (Sensory Register (A stimulus from the…
Multi-Store Model Of Memory
Sensory Register
A stimulus from the environment will pass into the
sensory registers
This part of memory is not one store, but several, in fact one for each of the five senses
The two main stores are called
iconic memory
(visual information is
coded
visually) and
echoic memory
(sound - or auditory - information is coded
acoustically
)
Material in sensory registers lasts only very briefly - the duration is less than half a second.
The sensory registers have a high capacity
Short-Term Memory (STM)
A limited capacity store - can only contain, on average, between 5 to 9 items.
Information is coded acoustically and lasts about 30 seconds unless it is rehearsed
Maintenance rehearsal
occurs when we repeat material to ourselves over and over again.
Information can be kept in in STM as long as we rehearse it. If it is rehearsed enough, it passes into
long-term memory (LTM)
Long-Term Memory (LTM)
Potentially permanent memory store for information that has been rehearsed for a prolonged time
Capacity is believed to be unlimited and can last many years
LTMs tend to be coded
semantically
(in terms of meaning)
Although the material is stored in the LTM, when it needs to be recalled, it is transferred into the STM by a process called
retrieval
According to the MSM, this is true for all our memories. None of them are recalled directly from LTM
Evaluation
Research Evidence
A major strength is that it is supported by research studies that show that STM and LTM are qualitatively different.
Further support is given by all the studies of coding, capacity and duration
More Than One Type Of STM
The MSM states that STM is a unitary store. However evidence from people with amnesia show that this cannot be true.
The unitary STM is a limitation of the MSM because research shows that at the very least there must be one short term store to process visual information and one store to process auditory information.
The
working memory model
includes these separate stores
More Than One Type Of Rehearsal
Craik and Watkins said that there are two types of rehearsal.
Maintenance rehearsal is the type described in the MSM but this does not transfer into LTM.
Elaborative Rehearsal
is needed for long-term storage.
This occurs when you link the information to your existing knowledge.
This is a serious limitation of the MSM because it is another research finding that cannot be explained by the model