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COMMPUTER SCIENCE - SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE - COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE,…
COMMPUTER SCIENCE - SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE - COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE, LANGUAGE AND OPERATING SYSTEMS - CHAPTER 3 / 1.3.1 / 1.3.6 / 1.3.7
VON NEUMANN ARCHITECTURE / COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE, LANGUAGE AND OPERATING SYSTEM
VON NEUMANN MODEL
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CPU
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Control Unit (CU) - controls the flow of data through the CPU, tells different components how to respond to instructions given. Also controls interaction between the different parts of the CPU.
Immediate Access Store (IAS) - Memory inside the CPU, holds instructions for processing data as well as the data, would be to slow to bring some of the data from the main memory unit.
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Registers - Memory inside the CPU, temporarily hold data and instructions during processing, used to move data around the different components inside the CPU.
Storage
Primary memory / main memory - fast access for the processor, RAM and ROM form main memory along with cache memory and registers.
Secondary memory, slow access and not accessible with the processor but through input and output controllers. Examples include Hard rives.
Input and Output devices
Allow interaction with the computer, instructions are processed to and from them inside the CPU.
Buses
How these components are connected, series of conductors or pathways.
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STORED-PROGRAM CONCEPT
What the Von Neumann model was based of, a computer that stores programs and instructions in digital memory. A modern one keeps these instructions and data in read-write random access memory or RAM. Before a computer can process data it must read a set of instructions called a program.
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OPERATING SYSTEMS
Needed to run other programs and perform basic tasks such as recognising inputs from a keyboard, sending outputs to the display screen, keeping track of files and controlling peripheral devices like printers. Must manage: security for the computer; hardware; transfer of programs, memory, files and data; multiple applications that can run simultaneously.
A modern OS uses a Graphical User Interface or GUI so that we can interact with the computer usually by clicking buttons.
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Peripheral - a hardware device used to input, store or output data from a computer, that is not directly part of the computer itself.
INTERRUPTS
An interrupt is a signal that informs the OS an event has occurred. Will come from a device attached to the computer, for example, a user pressing a key.
Will cause the OS to stop and work out what to do next so it will either continue running the program or start a new one.
A computer can only run one program at a time but as files can be interrupted it can run multiple tasks at once so programs appear to be runnig at the same time.
Interrupt Handler - all OS have them, it prioritises the interrupt signals as it receives them and places them in a queue to be handled.
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