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Regeneration (Context (Both written post World War One (have an inaccuracy…
Regeneration
Context
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soldiers, whilst living in the trenches had to suffer with diseases and infections such as gangrene, trench foot as well as rats and lice that carried many diseases.
Propagandists would paint a picture of war that in most cases was not true. Patriots like Jessie Pope and Rudyard Kipling said the war was a "clean, honourable task" and played on men's need to affirm their masculinity to make them enlist in the war
Suffragists would lay white feathers at the bottom of men's feet if they hadn't enlisted as a sign of cowardice. This shows the general attitudes towards the war during this time.
Masculinity was a key attribute that was generally very important to men during this time. They didn't like to share feelings, or not be physically strong as it would mean that they were not living up to their potential as a man. A lot of pressure was put on individuals to live up to the masculine ideal. #
The price for not participating in the war effort could be terrible for some individuals. Pacifists, if they could prove it which was extremely difficult, were excused legally from the war effort; however they would not be excused socially, and the societal pressure that they had to continue to patricipating in the war would have been astronomical. #
many members of the public were sheltered from information describing the state of the soldiers as propagandists did not want to dissuade potential soldiers from enlisting #
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The Glory of War
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Against
In Sassoon's Soldier's Declaration of 1917, Sassoon said that he had seen "the suffering of the troops" and no longer wished to be "a party to prolong that suffering".
Many soldiers wrote about the horror of the Western front and how their experiences affected them physically and psychologically.
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AO4
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Barker's presentation of the need for masculinity is typical of war literature, especially those written post WW1.
Comradeship
comradeship is a common theme within world war one literature as the soldiers found that they had nobody else to rely on, especially within the battle field. They were people that had gone or were going through similar if not the exact same experiences as them
Jason Crowthorne wrote an essay on 'Sexuality, Sexual Relations, and Homosexuality' in which he explores how reliant soldiers were on eachother during the war.
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Non-Combatants
Sarah Lumb
when Sarah is in the hospital she is seeking refuge from her discomfort caused by the hospital as a whole as well as the horror of seeing the state the soldiers were in
many members of the public were sheltered from information describing the state of the soldiers as propagandists did not want to dissuade potential soldiers from enlisting. Visiting a hospital like this would have been a major shock for any civilian visiting the hospital
"refuge"
the noun "refuge" is important because it mirrors the same desire that soldiers had to get away from war.
some soldiers did not see being in a hospital, particularly a mental hospital like Craiglockhart to be a source of refuge, as it conflicted with their idea and perception of the masucline ideal
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Masculinity
the character of Prior refuses to accept Rivers' treatment, which is arguably because he wants to protect his masculinity. By opening up to Rivers about his feelings he is sacrificing his masculinity which is something that would have been considered socially unacceptable at the time. #
"I don't remember", "Doesn't mean I want to talk about it","I don't think talking helps"
Rivers is very focused on making sure everything is real, "but it is real", which coincides with Freudian's theory. "My patients will soon recover if they spend a part of each day remembering what has disturbed them rather than trying to repress it"
this book could be trying to use the same logic, and helping readers and the 'national conscience' to recover from the horrors of WW1
By asking for hypnotism the blame is taken off Prior and he is not in control of what he is saying. This makes him feel more at ease when talking about his dreams as he is not making conscious decisions on what to say
This shows Prior's desire to get help and he is desperate to find a creative solution that does not compromise his masculinity in order to get help. This shows a deeper maturity that isn't seen by readers when he is being rude #
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Form
begins and finishes with real documents; Sassoon's Soldier's Declaration, and then River's account of his discharge file.
Sasson's declaration has long sentence structures, and is a long paragraph, filling the whole page, whereas the allusion to the discharge is only a date
this could show Barker's feelings towards Sasson's return to war, and how unjustified it was because the tone of a short sentence is sad and almost pitiful, like Rivers has given up hope
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