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Cells and Control (Stem Cells (Meristems contain Plant stem cells…

- - - - the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its job. Having specialised cells allows multicellular organisms to work more efficiently
    - - by mitosis
    - - This is where a plant cell expands, making the cell bigger and so making the plant grow
  - - - It becomes cancer when the tumor starts destroying other cells
- - - - The DNA grows so that it can duplicate
      - Each duplicate is an exact copy of eachother
    - - Prophase - the chromosomes condense, getting shorter and fatter. The membrane around the nucleus breaks down and the chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm.
      - Metaphase - the chromosomes line up at the centre of thecell
      - Anaphase - cell fibres pull the chromosomes apart. The two arms of each chromosome go to opposite ends of the cell
      - Telophase - Membranes form around each of the sets of chromosomes. These become the nuclei of the two new cells - the nucleus has divided
      - Before telophase ends, the cytoplasm and cell membrane divide to form two separate cells - this process is called cytokinesis
- - - - Cerebrum - The largest part of the brain. It's divided into two halves called the cerebral hemispheres. The right hemisphere controls the muscles on the left side of the body and vice versa. Different parts of the cerebrum are responsible for different things, including movement, intelligence, memory, language and vision.
      - Cerebellum - Responsible for muscle coordination and balance
      - Medulla oblongata - Controls unconscious activities like breathing and heart rate
    - - CT Scan
        
        Uses X-rays to get an image of the brain.
        
        Shows the main structure of the brain but does not show the function.
        
        However, function can be worked out from the images.
      - PET Scan
        
        Uses radioactive chemicals to see which parts of the brain are active when they are inside the scanner.
        
        PET scans are very detailed and can be used to investigate both structure and function in real time.
        
        Useful for studying brain dissorders