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3.4. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY (Knowledge and understanding…
3.4. CONSERVATION OF BIODIVERSITY
Knowledge and understanding
International. governmental and non governmental organisations are involved in conserving and restoring ecosystems and biodiversity
Conservation approaches - habitat conservation, species based conservation and a mixed approach
When designing protected areas - size, shape, edge effects, corridors and proximity to potential human influence are considered
Alternative approaches - CITES, captive breeding and reintroduction programmes and zoos, flagship species, keystone species
Why conserve biodiversity
Value of biodiversity
Direct
Food sources
Natural products
Indirect
Environmental services e.g. pollination depends on insects
Scientific and educational value
Biological control agents
Gene pools - hybridisation and genetic engineering
Human rights - indigenous populations
Human health e.g. rosy periwinkle curing children with leukemia
Eco tourism
Ethical/Intrinsic value
Conservation and preservation of biodiversity
Conservation biology - sustainable use and management of natural resources
Preservation biology - attempts to exclude human activity in areas where humans have not yet encroached
How conservation organisations work - IGOs, NGOs, and GOs
Intergovernmental organisations
composed of a group of member states
also called international organisations
e.g. UN or IPCC
Governmental organisations
part of and funded by a national government
highly bureaucratic
research, regulation, monitoring and control activities
e.g. EPA of USA
Nongovernmental organisations
not part of a government
not for profit
may be international or local - funded by altruists and subscriptions
some run by volunteers
e.g. green peace
Approaches to conservation
Species based
CITES (convention on international trade in endangered species)
Captive breeding and zoos
Botanical gardens and seed banks
Flagship species - charismatic, instantly recognised species e.g. WWF logo - have instant appeal and are used to ask for funds from the public - used to protect the habitat which will include other species that may be under more threat
disadvantage - they take priority over others
disadvantage - if they were to become extinct the message sent is that we've failed
they may be in conflict with local people e.g. man eating tigers
Keystone species - plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of the ecosystem in which they live - all species are not equal in that some have bigger effect on their environment than others regardless of abundance or biomass
Habitat based
designing protected areas