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Technology and Warfare (Nuclear Weapons (Nuclear irrelevance (other…
Technology and Warfare
Nuclear Weapons
Nuclear irrelevance
other factors are responsible for peace: war weariness, Soviet focus on substate evolution (Mueller)
There hasn't really been peace (Korea, decolon. wars) (Mueller)
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General Stabiilty- Mueller: willingness of countries to go to war, often tied to nonmilitary factors
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Nuclear Relevance
Nuclear speed and scope is much larger than coventional, no time for bargaining or deescalation (jervis)
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'New' Wars
Definition:
New War
Primary motive is against population, fueled by nationalism and ethnic violence
Not fought by armies, subthreshold
Fundamentally opposed to the state, weakens and dissolves the state
Not rational, not clausewitzian (van Creveld)
pushed forward by globalizaiton (and inequality that comes with it) Kaplan, Kaldo
Hybrid War
Use of variety of types of force: terrorism, guerilla tactics, information operations, and regular combat (Freedman on Ukraine)
Change has occured
Old war is obselete
Mendelbaum: unfashionable but not impossible. Rise of China, Russia
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Costs have increased, gains have decreased
Anarchy is the fundamental cause of war, could still occur
War in the past was fueled by fear, interest standing and revenge. These motives don't work anymore (Lebow 2010)
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New war is rising
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Martin van Creveld: war is loosing its political purpose, groups with varying motivations fight each other
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Tech (generally)
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Industrialization of War
Crimean War - first real industrialized military conflict. Fr and Britain mass produce armaments, rail road supply lines. Russians dont have enough guns, no mech. supply lines (McNeil 1982)
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Prussian military reform: centralizes military, expands size and makes permanent. Use of railroad, telegraph (McNeil)
French Revolution: levee en masse, total war (McNeil)