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Motivation Theories (Taylor (Scientific Management) (Implications…
Motivation Theories
Taylor
(Scientific Management)
Fair Days Work for a Fair Days Pay
Employee will do minimum amount of work if unsupervised
Implications
Increased wages = Increased productivity
Manager tells employees what to do
Workers do their job and get payed accordingly
3 methods to improve productivity
Extreme Division of Labour - specialisation, this leads to a repetitive, boring work life
Payment by Piecework -
Payed for the units made
Tight management control
Manager is very controlling of you
Maslow
(Hierarchy of Needs)
Maslow's Theory was that we all have a pyramid of needs
We start at the bottom by meeting personal needs
Then work our way up the pyramid to self-actualisation which is where we reach out potential
Pyramid
Physiological - breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, excretion
Safety - security of body, employment, resources, morality, family, health and property
Love/Belonging - friendship, family, sexual intimacy
Esteem - self-esteem, confidence, achievement, respect of others, respect by others
Self-actualization - morality, creativity, spontaneity, problem solving, lack of prejudice, acceptance of facts
Mayo
(Human Relations Theory)
Hawthorne Effect
Changed working conditions, introduced breaks and duration of work time
Employees knew that they were being observed so their output increased
Working in teams was more important than money
Non-financial motivators were more important
Repetitive tasks results in decreased motivation
Lighting Conditions and further studies
A change in lighting improved rate of production by up to 30%
Social elements improve output: parties etc.
Different routines affect output: working hours and rest breaks
Herzberg
(Two Factor Theory)
Hygiene Factors: if these are met = general satisfaction
Salaries, wages and other benefits
Company policy and admin
Quality of supervision
Job Security
Working conditions
Work/Life balance
Motivator Factors
Sense of Personal Achievement
Status
Recognition
Challenging/stimulating work
Responsibility
Opportunity for advancement
Promotion and Growth