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Sleep & Rhythms (SLEEPING &
DREAMING (Functions of Sleep…
Sleep & Rhythms
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NEURAL
MECHANISMS
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Arousal network
Locus coeruleus(LC), norepinephrine
Tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN), histamine
Raphe nucleus, serotonin
Reticular activating system, acetylcholine
Hypothalamus(orexin)
Sleep network
Ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO)
Damage produces insomnia
Neurons here inhibit several brain areas, including arousal network
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REM (PARADOXICAL) SLEEP
EEG waves-irregular, low voltage
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STAGES OF SLEEP - AWAKE
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Alpha waves
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Regular pattern, synchronous
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FUNCTION OF SLEEP
Recuperation Theory
Required for homeostasis
Replenishment of neurotransmitters
Exercise increases slow wave sleep
All animals sleep
All mammals and birds sleep, even if dangerous to do so
Example: bottlenose dolphin sleeps with 1 hemisphere at
a time
Rat
Adaptive (“Circadian”) Theory
Sleep has evolved to
Conserve energy
Protect from mishap and predation
Amount of sleep correlates with vulnerability of species
Amount of sleep is inversely related to vulnerability of
species