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Impact of Stalin on the Soviet Union (Social (Compulsory Schooling &…
Impact of Stalin on the Soviet Union
Economic
Collectivisation
Negative Impact (Short-term)
The Great Famine (1932-34); heavy toll on human lives
grain production did not increase
some peasants allowed to keep private land; worked there instead
Positive Impact (Long-term)
gave Russia resources during WW2
agriculture outputs improved significantly in 1950s; beneficial during Cold War
equality
How it was achieved
merge small individual farms into larger collective farms
Differences to Lenin's New Economic Plan
aim: more equality than just improving Soviet economy
measure: land, crops, quantity, working hours, wages, equipment fixed by state (previously private ownership)
result: kulaks killed their animals and burnt their produce to prevent them from being taken away by state; negative impact
Why
remove competition
increase effeciency through mechanisation
remove kulaks
Industrialisation
How it was achieved
5 Year Plans
2nd (1933-37): iron, steel, electricity
3rd (1938-42): focus on war materials
1st (1928-33): iron steel, electricity
Stakhanovites
Positive Impact
jobs
rapid progress; S.U became an advanced industrial economy
role of women & increased literacy
Negative Impact
high human costs: dangerous work sites, long working hours, harsh working conditions, low wages
in haste to meet high production figures, low quality products
Political
The Great Terror (1934-38)
sparked by Kirov Affair; to consolidate power and eliminate enemies
Arrests & Interrogations
creation of Secret Police
Loss of Interllectuals
Purges & Show Trials
Leningrad Party
Red Army
Propaganda
mass media
rewrote Soviet history books
carefully policed his reputation
edited enemies out of pictures; discredit them
Social
State Control
Fall in Standard of Living
overpopulation in cities; housing shortage; poor living conditions
workers worked long hours + no time off + poor conditions + not fairly paid = to achieve 5 Year Plans' target
The Great Famine (1932-34)
stockpiled grain not distributed to citizens; sold overseas to raise funds for more industrial machinery & development
Lack of Consumer Goods
aims of 5 Year Plans not geared towards consumer goods; did not care about welfare of Soviets
Living in Fear
Minority Nationalities
Creating the 'New Soviet Man'
Stakhanovites: celebrate their achievements
proud to be in an industrialised society; believes in equality
Women's Entry into Workforce
equality
increase in manpower
state-run childcare centers; poorly maintained
Compulsory Schooling & Increased Literacy Rates
male: 40% - 94%
female: 13% - 65%
Komsomol (Communist Union of Youth)
Young Pioneers (10-15 years old)
sent to work on collective farms & industries
9 years of free education (propaganda, communism, atheism, technical subjects to aid national industrialisation targets)