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Fungi (Systemic Mycoses (Blastomyces dermatidis Responsible for North…

- - - - Usually the result of some type of trauma to the skin
      - Piece of rock broken off or splinter that gets lodged into skin making a cut
    - - At site, there’s a painless nodule that develop, which eventually enlarges and ulcerates
    - - Stains looking for rosette or flower like macroconidia
      - :star:You see large spores that arrange themselves in a daisy:star:
      - As a yeast, will look more like bacteria
    - - Antifungals ending with -Azole
  - - - Tinea capitis, which is the head. Wood’s lamp - UV light. Shine on hair and fluoresce. Tinea barbae, which is of the beard. Alopecia.
      - Tinea corporis, which is of the body. Common in athletes, typically wrestlers.
      - Tinea pedis, which is of the feet. Athlete’s feet. Infect the skin.
      - Tinea unguium, which is of the nails.
    - - Can be geophilic. Lesions usually respond well to therapy. Heal spontaneously without any treatment. Infections are usually milder and easier to treat.
      - Can be zoophilic. Will produce a mild infection. Might heal spontaneously.
        Anthrophilic. Tend to be chronic and hard to cure
    - - Microsporum - More macro canitia, and few micro. Big spores look like footballs with spikes on them.
      - Trichophyton - More micro canitia, and few macro. Will be spindle shaped.
      - Epidermophyton - Only macro canitia. Look like bananas.
    - - Based on macro and micro canitia. Macro are big. Micro are small little punks
      - Problem with micro canitia, they all look alike
      - Macro canitia are differential
- - - - Prevalent in the Mississippi Ohio river valley area of the US
        
        Skin test show that 80% of the population living in the Ohio Mississippi river valley area are skin test positive for the disease, only 1% of the individuals are ill
      - Commonly seen around areas where we have bats and starlings
      - Does not cause infections in birds, but does cause infections in the bats
      - Pick up infection from inhalation of the spores
    - - Disease has to be looked at as a respiratory disorder, have to rule out TB and lung cancer
      - :star:Calcification in lungs:star:
      - By culturing the fungus
      - Growth at 37 degrees celsius
  - - - Endemic to the Missouri Arkansas river basin and the Ohio Mississippi river valley
      - Reservoir is unknown
      - We think it might be soil, but difficult to isolate from soil
      - Inhalation is how it’s transmitted
    - - Milder as a respiratory infection, more serious as an ulcerated skin lesion or lytic bone disease
    - - Looking for large budding yeasts
      - By looking at chest x-rays for infiltrates
      - Isolate it by growing it at 37 degrees at room temperature looking for a yeast and mold form
  - - - Inhalation of spores
      - San Wakeen Valley is in California, but also find it in parts of Mexico.
      - Needs seri-arid soils that are alkaline in pH
    - - Looking for arthroconidia
      - Conidia that tend to look squared off with a little connector
      - Will grow it as a mold and yeast
        
        Work with yeast form because mold is contagious
  - - - Found in South America and parts of Central America
      - More common in males than females
      - Transmitted by inhalation of the spores
    - - Causes a pulmonary infection
      - Causes ulceration of the mouth, nose, and GI tract
    - - Growing it at 37 degrees and room temperature
      - Looking at yeast form, appears as a boatman’s wheel
      - Yeast cell with multiple buds
      - Skin testing usually not done in states