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Blood and Tissue Parasites (Trichinella Spiralis Nematode roundworm…
Blood and Tissue Parasites
Trichinella Spiralis
Nematode roundworm
Parasite can be present in form of larvae in heart, skeletal muscle, brain, and the GI tract
Most cases are asymptomatic
Transmission
Eating improperly cooked deer, fish, bear, and walrus
Freezing meat kills the parasites
S/s
:star:Periorbital edema:star:
GI problems
Dx
Serological test
:Star:Look for eosinophils:Star:
Tx
In early stages, can treat with antiparasitic medications
In later stages, corticosteroids and anti inflammatory drugs
Schistosomes
Cause schistosomiasis or snail fever or bilharziasis
Transmission
Disease common to tropical regions
Caused by a fluke. Life cycle depends on the snail
S/s
Cause problems to lung, liver, or bladder depending on the schistosome
:star:Calcifications in lungs, rule out TB and some fungal infections:staR:
Produce sexually - Lock Together
Dx
Elevated IGE
:star:Eosinophils:star:
Examination of stool or urine for eggs
Treatment is antiparasitics
Filarial Worms
Will Cause: Subcutaneous infections and infections of the lymphatic system
Onchocerca Volvulus/
Dracunculus mediensis
The guinea worm. Subq filarial worm
Causes: (1) Onchocerciasis: River blindness
Transmission
Spread by the bite of a black fly
Does not come from states
Common to Africa, Asia, and the tropical areas
Common to dogs, cows, monkeys, leopards, and baboons
Ingestion of Cyclops
Location of bite is important
Other type is subq infection where you have to pull out worm
There’s a bulging. When under water, it pops
If you drop it, it’ll spread a potent toxin. Slowly turn stick
Can lead to anaphylactic shock
Need a crustacean for this organism called THE CYCLOPS
Wuchereria bancrofti
Elephantiasis
Backs up lymphatic system and causes lymph fluid pools in extremities
In extreme cases, can infect hands and genitalia
Spread by mosquito
Can infect legs
Severity differs from person to person
Loa loa
Eye Worm
Transmission
Common in cameroons in West Africa
Spread by a fly that bites during the day
Rain forests and small forests in Africa
Produce microfilariae
Start migrating and can see them migrating near surface of the skin
Tend to migrate to the eye
They get in the eye and you can see them moving. Because you can see them, you can remove them before they do damage to the conjunctiva.
Dx
Blood Smears
For Dracunulus, skin snips