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Impact of WW1 (1914-1918) in Europe (Causes of WW1 (competition for…
Impact of WW1 (1914-1918) in Europe
Causes of WW1
competition for colonies
arms and naval race
alliance
nationalism
1st balkan war (1912)
2nd balkan war (1913)
assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary (1914)
Aims of TOV
USA
14 points
avoid war + policy of isolation
France
revenge; severely cripple Germany through reparations
Alsace-Lorraine (coal and iron ore)
Britain
expansion of British empire
maintain naval superiority; limit German navy expansion
Italy
land
Japan
expansion & world power
racial equality
Terms of TOV
war guilt clause: article 231
territorial reductions
reparations
self-determination
formation of LON
demilitarisation
Impact of TOV
german humiliation
german territorial reductions
german military weakness
german economic weakness
self-determination + creation of new boundaries
Fair
France
happy with demilitarised zone in Rhineland
happy with clause of re-annexation (Alsace-Lorraine returned)
happy with Germany's reparations
Unfair
Britain
did not want to cripple Germany as Nazi Germany was effective in dealing with communism + trade
upset with clause 2 of 14 points (seas is free for all)
Germany
esp. war guilt clause (leads to all other terms)
not the only participant of war
arguable as to who started war
no clear loser or winner
USA
people wanted to avoid war
should have no say because they entered war late; suffered least