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MSK (Bones (Short bones: tarsal, carpal and sesamoid (originate from…
MSK
Bones
Short bones: tarsal, carpal and sesamoid (originate from tendon)
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Ossification
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- Fibrous connective tissue formed by mesenchyme: hyalin cartilage that are lossley shaped like bone
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Bone anatomy
- Articular cartilage
- Spongy bone (bone marrow) (middle)
- Endosteum, compact bone and periosteum (outer)
- Medullary cavity
- Nutrient artery in nutreint foramen
- Articular cartilage
- Epiphysis
- Metaphysis
- Diaphysis
Osteons
- Ostoeblasts, osteoclastas and osteocyte layers
- Central Haversian canal: Blood supply
- Volkmann's canal: Communication osteons
Joints
Synovial joints:
gliding, hinge, pivot, ellipsoid, saddle joint and ball-and-socket joint
Skeletal muslces
- Epimysium Connective tissue around muscle
- Perimysium: Connective tissue around fascicles
- Endomysium: muscle fibre
- Sarcolemma, nucleus and sarcoplasm
- Myofibril
Function of Bone
- Support and protection
- Movement
- Harmtopoiesis: epiphysis of humerus and femur
- Mineral and growth factor storage
- Triglyceride storage
Bone histology
- Osteoid: Protein matrix: 90% collagen and 10% calcium binding protein - Hydroxyapatite: depositied within matrix
- Osteoprogenitor cells: Found membranous layer of periosteum/endosteum, unspecialized, undergo mitosis and develop osteoblasts
- Osteocytes: How much force going through bone
- Lining cells: osteoblasts that line surface of bone
Bone remodelling
- Activation
- Activate osteovclasts to breakdown bone: PTH and vit D, stimulate osteoblasts to proude growth factor MCSF, stimulates stem cells to proliferative into osteoclast precursor cells (macrophage)
- Osteoblasts secrete RANK ligand, ligand bind to RANK, differentiate into osteoclasts
- Resorption
- Proteolytic enzymes, brekadowndown hydroxyapatite
- Formation
- Osteoblasts form, secrete ALP and osteoids
- Resting