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Class and Education External Factors (Material Deprevation (Housing…
Class and Education
External Factors
Cultural deprivation
Language
Bernstein
says there are two codes: elaborate and restricted.
Middle class use the elaborate code. Elaborate code is used in schools and so the middle class access it more easily
Working class use the restricted code. This means they find it hard to use elaborate code and access the work
Feinstein
says educated parents are more likely to use evaluative language at home
Parent's education
Douglas
says working class parents place less value on education and are less ambitious for their children
Feinstein
says parent’s own education is the most important factor in a child’s achievement. Middle class are better educated and therefore can educate their children better
Educated parents are more consistent in their discipline. Less educated parents are inconsistent and often more harsh so stops the child from learning self control and independence
Educated people know how the system works and what is needed to succeed. They can also get ‘expert’ advice from friends/family/teacher/tutor.
Better educated parents have a higher income and so can spend more on their child such as educational toys and books (Bernstein and Young)
Subculture
Sugarman says the working class have subcultures with different beliefs
Fatalism
- belief in fate, whatever happens happen
Collectivism
- the success of the group (having fun) is more important than the individual
Immediate gratification
- they want quick rewards now rather than deferring for later, better, rewards and so working class work straight away for a low starting salary where middle class go to uni
Present time orientation
- Have fun now don’t plan for later
Compensatory Education aims to tackle cultural deprivation providing resources to deprived areas.
Material Deprevation
The department of education says that less than ⅓ of those on Free School Meals achieve 5 A*-C GCSEs, including Maths and English
Nearly 90% of failing schools are in deprived areas
Housing
Overcrowding means there is no space to study and it is hard to concentrate
Temporary accommodation means you move school a lot and it is very stressful
Poor housing means the person would have poor health and so they would often miss school
Financial support and the cost of education
Diet and Health
Howard says poorer home lack vitamins, minerals and energy from their diet and so are tired, can’t concentrate and get sick and miss schools