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Disorders with Dysarthria (Dysarthria (Sx (slurred/mumbled speech,…
Disorders with Dysarthria
Parkinson's
Basal ganglia disease
lack of dopamine (inhibitory) = too much movement
Sx
Bradykinesia
slow mvmt associated with impaired ability to adjust body position
cogwheel rigidity
jerky resistance to passive mvmt as muscles tense and relax
shuffling gait
dysarthria
resting tremors
Other
degenerative (progressive)
diagnose with PET
MVMT disorder
Wilson Disease
Sx
increased muscular rigidity
neurologic, progressive dementia
tremor
dysartria
disorder of copper metabolism
progressive onset (10-25)
mvmt disorder
corneal pigmentation
Myasthenia Dravis
neuromuscular junction in PNS
lack of AcH (muscle contraction)
LMN Syndrome
damage to LMN eliminates function of motor unit
muscle weakness
absence of reflexes
flaccid muscle tone
absent or greatly reduced Babinski Sign
Sx
progressive weakness of muscles
dysarthria
fatigue and muscle weakness with with exercise, improve with rest
Dysarthria
Primary motor cortex (B.A. 4, precentral gyrus)
premotor cortex (B.A. 6, anterior to precentral gyrus)
projection tracts
cerebellum
Sx
slurred/mumbled speech
impaired lip, tongue, jaw mvmt
secondary condition caused by any damage to musculature function
Multiple Sclerosis
axons in CNS
degeneration of myelin sheath
white matter lesions
Sx
Dysarthria
slow neural signals
neurologic
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Soma (cell body) damage in CNS or PNS
LMN disease
muscle weakness
flaccid muscle tone
absent reflexes
damage to function of motor unit
Sx
Degeneration of muscles
dysarthria
Guillian Barre Syndrome
damage to axons in PNS
dysarthria
Medial Medullary Syndrome
damage to anterior spinal artery
dysarthria
dysphagia
hypoglossal nerve damage
contralateral hemipeligia
paralysis of one side of the body
contralateral hemianesthesia
loss of sensation to one side of the body
Lateral Medullary Syndrome
damage to the PICA
Dysphagia
dysarthria
pain/temperature loss of sensation in face
vertigo
discoordination/limb ataxia
contralateral pain and temperature loss of limbs