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Civil Rights Movement (Nonviolent (Selma March (The Selma to Montgomery…
Civil Rights Movement
Nonviolent
Selma March
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The Selma to Montgomery marches were three protest marches, held in 1965, along the 54-mile highway from Selma, Alabama to the state capital of Montgomery
Sit-Ins
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a form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met/ the first occurred in Greesboro, North Carolina
Birmingham Riots
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From May 2 to May 10, 1963, the nation bore witness as police in Birmingham, Ala., aimed high-powered hoses and sicced snarling dogs on black men, women and even children/ Led by Eugene “Bull” Connor
Freedom Riders
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a person who challenged racial laws in the American South in the 1960s, originally by refusing to abide by the laws designating that seating in buses be segregated by race
Little Rock Nine
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a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957/ Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas
Freedom Summer
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volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi.
Rosa Parks
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an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".
March on Washington
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An estimated 250,000 people attended the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963/ Also where MLK Jr. gave his "i Have a Dream" Speech
Violent
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Black Power
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Carmichael and McKissick were heavily influenced by the words of Malcolm X, and rejected integration as a short-term goal/ Chapters of SNCC and CORE — both integrated organizations — began to reject white membership as Carmichael abandoned peaceful resistance/ rejected by MLK Jr. and the NAACP
Defacto
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occurs when widespread individual preferences, sometimes backed up with private pressure, lead to separation
Nation of Islam
Malcolm X
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activist and outspoken public voice of the Black Muslim faith, challenged the mainstream civil rights movement and the nonviolent pursuit of integration/ urged followers to defend themselves against white aggression “by any means necessary"
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an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit/ The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group
1968
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elements of the civil rights movement abandoned non-violence and became more separatist/ The Civil Rights Act of 1968 prohibited the refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of his race, color, religion or national origin
Black Panthers
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formed in California in 1966 / believed that the non-violent campaign of Martin Luther King had failed and any promised changes to their lifestyle via the ‘traditional’ civil rights movement, would take too long to be implemented or simply not introduced/ The language of the Black Panthers was violent as was their public stance
