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Gamete Physiology (Male Reproductive (Prostate (2 Classifications (Zones,…
Gamete Physiology
Male Reproductive
Testis
- Vas deferens
- Head, Body and tail of epididymis
- Rete testis
- Capusle
- Lobules with seminiferous tubules
- Septum
- tunica vaginalis
- Vas deferens - Epididymis - testicle
- Seminal vesicle - Ejact duct - urethra
- Bladder, prostate, bulbourethral gland
- Corpus cavernosum, corpus spongiosum, glans penis, foreskin
Vas Deferens
- Transports Sperm
- From the tail of epidiymis to the Ejact ducts via peristalsis
Seminal vesicles
- Secrete snot like, mucosy stuff. Loads of fructose, citric acid and fibrinogen and into ejact ducts
- 60% semen from seminal vesicles
Prostate
- Contribute to semen + sperm wellbeing
- Secretes nutrients and enzymes and PSA into urethra
- 30% semen comes from prostate
- Regulated by DHT
2 Components
- Glandular tissue
- Fibromuscular tissue
2 Classifications
- Zones: Pathology
- Lobes: Anatomy
Zones
-
Peripheral zone
- Encapsulates ejact duct and urethra
Transition
- Surrounds urethra
- Responsible for benign prostatic enlargement
Fibromuscular stroma
- Muscle and fibrous tissue
- Median, 2 lateral and posterior lobes
PSA
- Protease (enzymes) chops up proteins
- Liquefies thick mucousy snot from seminal vesicles fluidy, so sperm can swim
- Leydig cells: adjacent seminiferous tubules. Produce testosterone in presence of LH
- Sertoli cells: FSH stimulates sertoli cells to secrete androgen-binding protein into lumen of seminiferous tubules. stimulates spermatogenesis
Testosterone
Spermatogenesis
- Growth and division of testicular germ cells
-
Embryo
- Sex differentiation
- Develop accessory sex organs
- Descent of testes
- Mullerian regression factor: inhibits mullerian duct (no uterus, fallopian tubes or cervix)
During puberty
- Penis, prostate and scrotum growth
- Increase muscular and bone growth and thickness of skin
FROM
POLP
POPO
FSH, Oestrogen, LH, Progesterone
Pituitary, Ovary, Pituitary, Ovary
Follicle stimualtion, Repair endometrial lining, Ovulation, Maintain endometrial thickness
FSH stimulates Oestrogen stimulates LH stimulates Progesterone
Oestrogen inhibits FSH
Progesterone inhibits LH and FSH
-
Ovarian Cycle
- Eggs exist in ovary
- Exist in follicles
- Follicle: egg + cells surrounding (granulosa cells): release Oestrogen, inhibin and progesterone
- Ovarian cycle: How follicle develops (FOLLICULAR PHASE) + how egg released and outcome of remainder of follcile (LUTEAL PHASE)
FROM
FOLP
POPO
- Cycle begins when there is increase in FSH (follicle grows)
- Follicle takes 14 days to develop before they can release egg from ovary
- FSH binds on primordial follciles
- Follciles develop zona pellucida: primary follciles
- Follicles develop outer coat theca cells. LH binds to cells to convert androstenedione into oestrogen (PRIMARY FOLLICLE)
- FSH levels still elevated, stimulating primary follicle, granulosa cells undergo mitosis
- More granulosa cells - more oestrogen
- more granulosa cells = more metabolism = fluid accumulates and collects (antrum)
- SECONDARY/EARLY ANTRAL FOLLCILE. AS FLUID ACCUMULATES MORE = ANTRAL FOLLCILE
- Several antral follciles
- Biggest goes to next stage, smallers ones wither atresia
- Day 14: biggest follcile fuses with edge of ovary and release egg into fallopian tube
- Remainder of follcile is called corpus luteum (luteal phase)
- Corpus luteum not follcle,won't produce hormones in same conc
- Lots of progesterone, good amount inhibin and some oestrogen
- Corpus luteum consists antrum + granulosa cells + theca cells
- All dependent of FSH and LH to survive
- FSH and LH levels decreased at this point, corpus luteum withers away
- Implanatation: bHCG released by blastocyst, structurally similar to LH: survival of corpus luteum