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1.4. SUSTAINABILITY (Knowledge and Understanding (Sustainable development…
1.4. SUSTAINABILITY
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Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA); report prepared before a development project to change use of land e,g, change fields into a golfcourse - EIA weighs up relative advantages and disadvantages
EIA will try to quantigy changes to microclimate, biodiversity, scenic and amenity value resulting from proposed development - these represent production of a baseline study
Both negative and positive impacts are considered - they can also consider the likely effects on human populations especially where a development might have an effect on human health or have an economic effect for the community
What are EIAs used for?
Often part of planning process that governments set out in law when large developments are considered
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Weaknesses of EIAS
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difficult to consider all indirect impacts of a development, some may be missed
Sustainability
ecological overshoot - according to UN data humanity has overshot its sustainable level of resource exploitation 1961 - 50%, 2001- 120%, 2014 - 150%
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Ecological footprints
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Measure takes into account area required to provide all the resources needed by the population, and the assimilation of all wastes
Where the EF is greater than the area available to the population, this is an indication of unsustainability - population exceeds carrying capacity of the area