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History Paper 1: Who Was To Blame For The Cold War? Pt 2 (Marshall Aid…
History Paper 1: Who Was To Blame For The Cold War? Pt 2
Important Conferences (meetings)
Yalta, February 1945 (during WW2)
Berlin (capital of Germany) to be divided into four zones
Stalin to have a 'sphere of influence in Eastern Europe'
Germany to be divided into four occupational zones
'Free elections' to take place in liberated countries
Stalin (leader of Russia) agreed to join the war against Japan once Germany was defeated
Stalin insisted on a 'friendly government' (meaning a Communist government) in Poland - the West demanded free elections
Potsdam, July 1945 (after Germany had been defeated)
USSR to gain eastern Poland and Poland to be compensated with some German territory
Nazi Party to be banned
Nazi war criminals to be put on trial
Stalin demanded harsh reparation figures
Stalin had set up a Communist government in Poland without free elections
World War Two
They shared a common enemy - Germany
the alliance wasn't likely to last in the long term though, because: Britain, France and America were democratic countries with capitalist economies - Russia had been a Communist country since 1917
Britain, France, America and Russia were allies
What was the 'Iron Curtain'
A border between Soviet-controlled countries and the West
An ideological division of Europe into two halves
A term introduced by Churchill during his 'Iron Curtain' speech in Fulton, USA
A divide between capitalism/democracy and communism
Marshall Aid
The view of Congress? Initially unsure about providing so much aid to Europe
What changed their mind? - Events in Czechoslovakia
Why? - Europe's economy had been destroyed by WW2 which led to high unemployment and there was a feat that under these conditions Communism might spread
Stalin's response? - He called Marshall Aid 'dollar imperialism. He refused to let any country under his influence apply for it. He also set up COMINFORM (an alliance of European Communist parties to help them work together and spread Stalin's ideas) and COMECON (to coordinate production and trade).
An example of the Truman Doctrine in practice