Monogastric Nutrition-Pig
GIT structure + function
Feeding
Mouth-grinding to reduce particle size, salivation induced by food, amylase begins break down of starch
Stomach
Cardiac region next, mucous secretion
Funds region next-acid secreted, enzyme release, digestion begins
Oesophageal region at entrance, no enzyme secretion, prone to ulcers from stress/small particles
Pyloric region at most distal part-secretes mucous to protect SI + regulates amount of food going into the SI
Small intestine-ingetsa breakdown + absorption, sodium bicarbonate neutralises ingesta
Large intestine-water absorption, no digestion
Young adults/gilts need 25-30MJ NE/day
Piglets need colostrum in first 6 hours, cows milk/replacer should contain 30% protein + 10% fat, weaned at 3-4 weeks
Pregnant sows need 20-30MJ NE/day
Following foot + mouth disease it is illegal to feed pigs any catering waste as well as feed of animal origin except fishmeal/dairy
Growers should gain 700-1000g a day
Feed conversion rate=mass of food/output
Lactating sows needs 23.3 MJ NE/day + 5.6MJ NE/per piglet
Types of feed
Essential components of feed
Meal is cheaper
Phase feeding-expensive as you match feed to how old the pig is but maximum performance produced
Pelleted-reduces waste + increased nutrient density, lactating sows benefit most
Essential amino acids Lysine in older pigs + Methionine in younger pigs
Constant free access to water as they intake 3*amount of feed
Pigs not good at breaking down fibre, so need starts, sugars and fat for DE
Minerals such as calcium + phosphorus needed especially in lactating cows (from protein)
Vitamins such as Vit E + Selenium to prevent death from Mulberry heart disease
Iron + copper levels are low in sow milk so injection needed in first few days to prevent anaemia + ensure full growth