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Cells and membranes (Lipids (Fluidity of membranes (Double bonds create…

- - - - Passes light through specimen
    - - Light excites the fluorophore
        
        Fluorophore then emits light of another wavelength
    - - Pinhole removes out of focus light
      - Improves resolution of image
- - - - Hydrophilic head
        
        Alcohol, phosphate group and glycerol
        
        Different alcohol head groups have different properties
      - Hydrophobic tail
        
        Two fatty acid tails
        
        One saturated one unsaturated
  - - - Reduce Van der Waals forces and therefore melting temp
  - - - Alters their fluidity
- - - - Fed directly into ER lumen
      - Docking requires SP, SRP and SRP receptor
  - - - Retrograde transport
  - - - Nuclear pore complex mediates movements of nuclear proteins and mRNA to cytoplasm
        
        Mediated by receptors
- - - - Activated by cyclins
        
        Only synthesised at specific times in the cell cycle
        
        So CDKs only active when the correct cyclin is present
      - Phosphorylate proteins to activate/deactivate them
      - Constant level throughout cell cycle
  - - - Go
        
        Potential exit phase
      - G1
        
        Synthesis of proteins needed for DNA replication
      - S phase
        
        DNA replication
      - G2
        
        Cell prepared for mitosis
      - Mitosis
        
        Cell divides to produce two daughter cells
- - - - Exhibit simple enzyme kinetics
    - - Energy from ATP used to drive conformational change