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Composite Material (structural material formed by 2 or more matirials…
Composite Material
(structural material formed by 2 or more matirials with different physical properties, producing a complex mixture)
Reinforced Concrete
strong in compression but brittle & weak in tension
cannot withstand vibration, crack under bending forces
does not corrode, cheap, mould into any shape
(strong building material)
withstand high pressure, support heavy loades
framework for highways, bridges, oil platforms, high-rise buildings
Superconductors
superconductivity at -183'C
(attained by cheap liquid nitrogen)
conduct very high current over long distance
supper conductors can conduct electricity with 0 resistance (no energy loss) when cooled to extremely low temperatures (transition temperature)
efficient generators, magnetic energy-storage systems, transformers, electric cables, amplifiers, computer part, MRI, electromagnets, high-speed levitated trains
Fibre Optics
bundles of glass tubes with very small diameter
(finner than human hair, flexible)
uses light instead of electrons to carry data (send signals faster)
transmit electronic data, signals, voice, images in digital format , in the form of light at great speeds
higher transmission capacity (more data) with less interference
higher chemical stability, lower material cost
occupies less space
laser beam
(remove unwanted tissues in operations)
endoscopes
(inserted into body to examine internal organs)
instruments
(inspect interior of manufacture products)
Fibreglass
light, strong, tough, resilient, inflammable, flexible, high tensile strength
easily coloured, moulded, shaped
resilient material
returns to original shape after bending, tswisting, stretching, compression
water storage tanks, boat hulls, swimming pool linings, food containers, fishing rods, car bodies, roofing, furniture, pipes
Photochromic Glass
change colour & become darker when exposed to ultraviolet light
(AgCl or AgBr decompose to form silver, glass blackens and darkens)
clear when light intensity is lowered
(silver converted back to silver halides)
2Ag + Br2 ------> 2AgBr
camera lens, car windshields, information display panels, light intensity meters, optical switches, lens(no need sunglasses)
concrete mixture of cement, water, sand, chips, small stones is added into a frame of steel bars or steel wire netting
Properties
Examples
mixture of CuO, BaO, Y2O3 is heated to form YBa2Cu3O7 (perovskite,YBCO)
Properties
Examples
consists a core of glass of higher refractive index enclosed by glass cladding of lower refractive index
Properties
Examples
Telecommunication (replace copper wire)
filaments embedded in polyester resin (plastic)
AgCl or AgBr & little copper(I) chloride is embedded into structure of glass
Properties
Properties
Examples
Examples