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Digestion and Excretion (Digestive System (Stages of Food Processing…

- - - - Mechanical
      - Chemical
  - - - Mouth
        (mechanical digestion ; chemical digestion
        of carbohydrates by enzymes in saliva)
      - Pharynx
        (intersection between swallowing and breathing)
      - Stomach
        (mechanical digestion ; chemical digestion
        of proteins by HCl and enzymes in gastric juice)
      - Esophagus
        (propulsion of food)
      - Small Intestine
        (chemical digestion by bile and enzymes in digestive juices ;
        absorption of water and nutrients through extensively folded intestinal wall)
      - Large Intestine
        (absorption of water ; formation and storage of feces)
      - Anus
        (elimination of feces)
    - - Liver
        (produces bile that emulsifies fats ;
        secretes bile into small intestine)
      - Gall Bladder
        (stores bile that emulsifies fats ;
        secretes bile into small intestine)
      - Salivary Glands
        (produce saliva containing enzyme that digest carbohydrates ;
        secrete saliva into mouth)
      - Pancreas
        (produces pancreatic juice containing enzymes that digest variety of foods ;
        secretes pancreatic juice into small intestine)
    - - Heartburn
        (open sphincter allows stomach contents to come up through esophagus)
      - Ulcer
        (infection damages mucus coating and allows stomach acid to burn through stomach lining
- - - - Hormonal Control through
        ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
        
        Too little water in blood: ADH secreted
        (collecting tubule more permeable;
        more water is reabsorbed by kidneys;
        feeling of thirst created)
        
        Too much water in blood: ADH not secreted
        (collecting tubule less permeable;
        less water is reabsorbed by kidneys)
  - - - Nephron
        
        Reabsorption
        (return of water, nutrients, salts, and other valuable molecules from filtrate back to blood as much as needed)
        
        Secretion
        (additional removal of toxins, drugs and other excess molecules
        that were not initially filtered out from blood into filtrate)
        
        Filtration
        (removal of water, urea, and other small molecules
        from blood to form filtrate in renal tubule)
        
        Excretion
        (elimination of filtrate as urine)
  - - - Illness
      - Prolonged Drug Use
      - Injury
      - Excessive Alcohol Consumption
    - - Dialysis
      - Transplant