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Sounds of American English (Divided in (Consonants (are divided in (Manner…
Sounds of American English
Divided in
Consonants
are divided in
Manner
How the sound is produced
How the airstream is modified
are divided in
Stop
obstruction of outgoing air
/p/ /b/ /t/ /d/ /K/ /g/
fricative
forcing the breath stream through a constriction
affricative
fricative and stop mix
nasal
closure in the oral cavity
liquid
/l/ /r/
glide
gliding motion of the articulators
/w/ /j/
Place
involvement of articulators
divided in
bilabial
contact between the upper and lower lips
/p/ /b/ /m/ /w/
labio-dental
contact between the lower lip with the upper teeth
/f/ /v/
lingua-dental
contact between the tongue and the teeth
lingua-alveolar
tongue contacting the upper alveolar ridge
/t/ /d/ /s/ /z/ /n/ /l/
lingua-palatal
contact between the tongue and hard palate
/r/ /j/
lingua-velar
tongue contacting the velum
/K/ /g/
glottal
Partially constricting the glottis
/h/
Voice
Vibration of vocal folds
divided in
Voiceless
no vibration in the vocal fold
/p/ /t/ /k/ /f/ /s/ /h/
voiced
vibration of the vocal folds
/b/ /d/ /g/ /v/ /z/ /l/ /r/ /w/ /j/
Vowels
are divided in
monophthongs
divided in
front
forward shift of the tongue
central
tongue in neutral position
back
backward shift of the tongue
diphthongs
two vowels together in the same syllable
