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Gender and Age (Gender (Gender-preferential speech (in Western societies…
Gender and Age
Gender
gender as a 'term'
gender is describes masculine or feminine behaviors of scales not categories.
the term 'gender' refers to socio-cultural behavior including speech.
women's talk
Features
tag questions
lexical hedges
raising intonation
Lingusti behavior explainations
women use more standard forms bc. they are more status conscious
the society expects better behavior from women so women speak more correctly than men
vernacular forms express masculanity bc. women avoid them
Gender-preferential speech
in Western societies where roles of men and women overlap, speech forms overlap as well.
both social and lingusitc patterns in these societies are gender-preferential.
in Western societies women tend to use more standard more and men use vernacular more.
Gender and social class
women are known to be more class sensetive their speech is above their current class
Age
Age-geaded Features of Speech
Pitch of voice differ based on the age
Boys vocal cords grow faster and bigger than the girls
Low-pitched voice is more masculine
Pronounciation, grammar and vocabulary can differentiate
age groups
Examples
Slng reflects person's age and more used by young people
The usage of localized regional variety or more standard variety are features of older speakers
These features may vary across communities