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Blood Circulation & Transportation (Blood stem cells (types of blood…
Blood Circulation
& Transportation
The Importance
Carry out oxygen and nutrient(glucose & amino acid) to the cells
Carry out waste products(carbon dioxide & urea) from the body cells via lungs and kidney
Involve in transporting heat and transmit force
Provide mass transport over distance of fluid to the site where diffusion is slow.
Exchanges of gases, nutrients and wastes take place across the capillary walls
Comparison of circulation systems
Invertebrates
Gastrovascular cavity
Chidarians
Flatworm
gases & nutrient molecules via Trilobed gastrovascular cavity
Open circulatory System
circulatory fluid:
Hemolymph
Arthropods
Molluscs
Grasshopper
Closed circulatory system
circulatory fluid:
Blood
Annelid
Vertebrates
Closed circulatory system
Single-loop
Heart only pumps blood gills
Fish
Heart has single atrium & single ventricle
Double-loop
2 Atria & 1 ventricle
Amphibians & some reptiles
2 Atria & 2 Ventricles
Birds, mammals & some reptiles
Types of circuit
Systemic circuit
Heart pumps blood to all parts of the body excepts for lungs
Pulmonary circuit
Heart pumps blood to the lungs
Mammalian Cardiovascular System
Heart
4 Chambers
2 Atrium
Upper parts & thin-walled
Receive blood
2 Ventricles
Lower parts & thick walled
Pump blood away
Septum
divides the heart into left & right sides
Heart Valves
Atrioventricular valves
Triscupid valves
Mitral valves
Semilunar valves
aortic valves
pulmonary valves
Heartbeat rhythmic
Systole
: contraction
Diastole
: relaxation
Due to
cardiac conduction system
Sinoatrial node initiate called
cardiac pacemaker
recording electrical changes by
electrocardiogram (ECG)
Types of blood vessels
Capillary
exchange molecules between blood vessel and cells occur
The smallest vessel
Vein
Blood from body cells to the heart
Artery
Carry blood from heart to the capillaries
cardiovascular disease
prevention
Do's
healthy diet
cholesterol profile
exercise
Don'ts
smoking
drug abuse
weight gain
examples
hypertension
atherosclerosis
stroke
heart attack
blood pressure
reading consist of
systolic pressure
diastolic pressure
measured on the branchial artery of the upper arm
venous flow back to heart by
skeletal muscle contraction
presence of valves in veins
respiratory movements
Blood stem cells
definition: capable of becoming different cells
types of blood cells
red blood cells
hemoglobin
white blood cells
neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
blood disorder
inherited clotting disorder due to the absence of a particular clotting factor, the slightest bump can cause internal bleeding
hemophilia
recessive sex-linked, x chromosome disorder
blood types
ABO system
blood donation
Rh system
important antigen in matching blood types is the Rh factor
Erythroblastosis fetalis
mother is Rh-negative, father is Rh-positive, the child may be Rh-positive
mother produces anti-Rh antibodies
cross placenta then destroy the child red blood cell
blood function
transfer of heat
transmission of heat
transport
excretory products
metabolites
mutrient
gases
hormones
cell of non-respiratory function
blood composition
plasma
gases
nutrients
salts
wastes
plasma protein
hormones
water
formed elements
red blood cells
white blood cells
platelets
lymphatic system
organs
primary
thymus, bone marrow
production and selection of lymphocytes
secondary
lymph nodes, lymphoid follicles in tonsils
Sites of lymphocyte activation by antigens
disorder
lymphedema
a collection of fluid that causes swelling (edema) in the arms and legs.
elephantiasis
to a parasitic infection that causes extreme swelling in the arms and legs that caused by the filarial worm,
lymphatic filariasis
a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, thread-like worms. The adult worms only live in the human lymph system
function
It absorbs and transports fatty acids and fats as chyle from the digestive system.
transports white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes into the bones
Path of blood in the body
pulmonary circuit
brings blood poor of O2 from all regions of body to heart
systemic circuit
brings O2 rich blood to the part of body