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BONE REMODELLING (Functions: (Release calcium from bone, Generate optimum…
BONE REMODELLING
Functions:
Release calcium from bone
Generate optimum architecture for usage
Maintenance (Failure prevention)
Repair (micro + macrofractures)
Inorganic regulators
Protons / acidity
Increase osteoclast activity
Hypoxia
Increase osteoclast activity
Phosphate
Decrease osteoclast activity
Calcium
Decrease osteoclast activity
Aging
Increased rate of remodelling
Decline in periosteum formation
Osteoporosis
Can lead to fractures
LO's:
Explain the dynamic maintenance of bone structure and remodelling process
Identify a few regulators of bone remodelling.
Regulators
Osteocytes direct remodelling
Coupling of blasts and clasts
Ligands and receptors
Growth factors
Strain gradients
increases growth
Acidification of resorption compartment
Hormones
Cytokines
Rank ligand
Stimulates clasts
BONE REMODELLING UNIT
Process
Phases:
Reversal
Resorption
2-4 weeks
Resting
Formation
4 months
Asynchronous process
Occurs constantly + simultaneously all over skeleton
More remodelling in trabecular than cortical
Calcium regulation
Hormones:
Parathyroid hormone
Receptors on osteoblasts
Vitamin D
Mineralisation
Calcitonin
Receptors on osteoclasts
Oestrogen
Effects blasts and clasts
Pormotes apoptosis of clasts
Stimulates proliferation of blasts