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Forces & Motion (Hooke's Law (Stretching springs (When a force is…
Forces & Motion
Hooke's Law
Force
A force can change an object's direction, shape or velocity.
Stretching springs
When a force is applied to a spring or elastic band, it stretches.
If twice as much force is added, it extends twice as much.
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We do not care about length, only extension.
Do not use mass, refer as weight or force.
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Limit of proportionality
Force and extension stop being directly proportional, as it is impossible to add force to an elastic band or string forever.
At this point the spring has reached its elastic limit, aka limit of proportionality.
On the graph, the line is shown to curve because an equal increase in force, length will not increase.
Velocity & Acceleration
Velocity
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Speed - measured in m/s, only has magnitude but tells you nothing about direction.text
Velocity - measured in m/s, has both magnitude and direction.
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Velocity vs Time graph 
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Acceleration
Definition: the amount an object's velocity changes by in a second / the rate of change of velocity.
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Distance vs. Time graph
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Force
Weight
Definition: the force, due to gravity and mass, measure in Newtons.
Terminal velocity
An object reaches terminal velocity when the opposite forces that act upon it are equal to each other, so no resultant force.
When an object falls, it will accelerate due to gravity. However, on Earth, it does not continue to accelerate forever. The acceleration will decrease until a constant velocity.
The reason it reaches terminal velocity is because of the friction, caused by collisions with air molecules. Air resistance increases as the object falls.
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Resultant force
The "leftover" force, as there is often more than one force acting in opposite directions.
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