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Class differences in achievement (External (Material deprivation (Cultural…
Class differences in achievement
External
Outside of school
Home background
Material factors
Cultural factors
Cultural deprivation theory
Language
Bernstein (1975)
Restricted codes - WC
less analytic, simple, gestures, limited vocab
Elaborated codes - MC
complex, analyctic, explicit, wide vocab
EC - used in education - MC at an advantage
Parents education
Feinstein (2008)
Parents own education is more important
Parenting style
inconsistency in disipline
Language
communication effects congnition
educational behaviours
MC more aware of what aids education
use of income
not promote their child's education
WC subculture
Sugarman
Immediate gratification
NOT defered
fatalism
'whatever will be, will be'
low value on education
parents evenings not attended
Collectivism
groups than own
Criticisms
impacts of material factors?
e.g poverty
blames victim for failure
Material deprivation
Housing
Over crowding
damp conditions
temporary accomodation
Diet
illness, absences, lack of concentration
financial cost
extra aid, university costs - debt averse
Cultural capital
Economic capital
wealth that the middle classes own
Cultural capital
attitudes, skills, values of MC
Educational capital
economic and cultural capital to gain better educational capital
Bourdieu (1984)
Low income affecting educational achievement
EVAL; not all poor children fail
supportive parents
ignores internal factors
Internal
Within school
School factors of achievement
Labelling
Meanings we attach to someone
MC pupils - bright, motivated, cooperative
MC - ideal pupils
Streaming
extreme institutionalised form of labelling
ability sets
Lacey(1970) streaming as differentiation
Self fulfilling prophecy
Pupil subcultures