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German Expansion pre-WW2 (Impact of nazism on German Foreign Policy…

- - - - With the 2 front war, the war on the western front agisnt the allie and the wear n the eastern front against Russia(who was also a member of the allies), was crippling German forces , The Kaiser realizie that his Scheifllen plan, which was an all out attack that should ensure sift victory over France before then moving attention to Russia, was a failure
        
        Kaiser Whelm leaves and Ebert become new present of the Weimer Republic
        
        German signs armistice to end the war
        
        What it was: The armistice was aimed at preserving the german army's reputation while hoping for less server punishment
        
        What it would alleviate:
        
        German hope signing the armistce would solve current domestic issues, as strikes and mutinty had began to show that German was a divded nation and the goverment was losing piower of its people.
        
        The allied blockade was creating drastic food shortages, and political unrest
        
        What it led to
        
        German's new socialist party were seen by some German, who believe Germany was going to win, as the blame because they signed the armistice just when they believe German was on the verge of winning.
    - - Sparticist uprising: Rosa and Karl led communist party called th Saparacsit launched a rebellion. this was Ebert and Freikrob paramilitary test in dealing with protest.
      - Treaty of Versailles is Signed
        
        Sig:
        
        The treaty was drawn up by France, Britain, and USA. Each leader had different aims for the treaty
        
        Llyod Geogrge(britin) aims
        
        ensure that Britain naval supremacy reigned while enlarging its empire
        
        Wilson's aims
        
        Wanted to crate a fair and just system of international relations that would be held up by an international body
        
        Clemenceau(France) aims
        
        He wanted Germany to pay for the damage it had caused France, and were weakenined for ever
        
        Treaty of Versailles cripple German military power by restricting the naval and army size, demilitrazethe Rhineland and Banned German troop from there. took land away from Germany. The War guilt clause caused German to accept blame for the war and pay reparations
    - - The Kapp Putsch: The Freikrop planned a coup under leader Wolfagan Kapp but the worker's strike cause kapp to flee and the coup coollapsed. The freikrop remain at large and still found sympathy from government ,because tconservative and judiciary looked ot the army for stablitity. The freikrop kept killing left wing politician
      - The German Worker's party is renamed into the National socialist German Worker's parts (NSDAP)
        
        Hitler while working for the army as a spy joined the German worker party and became it leader and change its name to NSDAP and gave it the swastika as the new symbol
    - - French Troop occupy Ruhr: French troop occupy and German response was passive resistance, and strikes which meant denying french solider of good and amterial
      - Germany faces Hyperinflation: The occupation of Ruhr, force German government to respond with paid strike, unfortunately Germany to sustain the strike and to print high quantities of money which led to hyperinflation. This affected the middle class and led them to dislike the Weimer republic and democracy even more as they saw it as the creator of economic distress. Thus creating a group that Hitler could win over .
      - Beer hall Putsch: Hitler's brown-shirts invade the Bavarian and the government. Without any support from the army, police, or Bavarian leader, he and his men failed utterly and Hitler was arrested
        
        Led to: the trial that would make Hitler famous
        
        Significance: showed Hitler that using military means to take over German government wouldn't work
      - Dawes plan is implememnted
        
        What it was:
        
        It was a plan negotiated by Stresseman with he USA. It froze German reparation for two years and scaled down the level of the repayments demanded by the TV,
        
        Made Germany take loans from USA, meaning German was now in-debt to the US
        
        Significance; Help Germany regenerate its economy and allowed the Young plan to be implemented in 1929 in which US gave more loan to German
    - - Locarno treaty: Germany agreed to uphold western borders with France and Belgium.
        
        Sig: it ushered a sense of Hope for European cooperation, as harmony between Germany and France look possible(the Locarno Spring)
    - - Germany Joins the league of Nation
        
        Streserman a nationalist and the foreign minister beleive that the way to bring Germany back to glory was for frenly negotiaona drelaiton with britain adn France
    - - Germany signs the Kelog-braind pact: outlawed War
  - - - Hitler joins the German Worker's republic
        
        Hitler eventually become it leader and mold the group under fascist idea of militarism, nationalism, authoritarianism, Social Darwinism and a hatred of communism, socialism, and trade unions.
    - - Hitler becomes chancellor in the campaign to pull Germany out of its ashes and into glory again.
      - Hitler introduces a program for Rearmament
    - - Pan Germanism:
        
        Anschluss: the unification of Austria and German
        
        Definition: Creating a unification of Germans, from all over the eastern Europe
      - Pure German race: German who were of Superior Aryan race would exist in the New Great German empire. This idea became relevant possible due to Social Darwinism.
        
        Social Darwinism said that human were subject to natural selection and that only the fittest would survive
      - Third Reich: German new great empire , he envisioned to create that would last 1000 years.
      - Lebensarurm: The idea that German needed more space and that their land were taken up by untermaschen(inferior nations)
      - Anti semnatism: The Jews were inferior and stealing our jobs, and if left alone would infect the pure arayn race
      - Russia were it Natural enemies because Jews lived there and they were communist. France were natural eneimeis because of ww1 anad the treaty of versaille
      - Britain a potential ally because it oppose France occupation of the ruhr
      - Italy an ally because he shared similar ideal with Mussolini
    - - Hitelr shift from using miliatry as a way to gain power, and instead plans to use legal adn constituinal methods.
        
        What he did
        
        Reestablish the nazi party and became its leader
        
        He create the SS which was a section of the Brownshirt. They were his personal body guard,and were the elite member of the force and only pure breed could eneter
        
        The SS were then used to carry out killing especially during the night of long knives
        
        Created a youth ann women core within the party
        
        Implement modern propaganda
  - - - Wall Street Crashes the USA: With Weimer dependent on US loans, when the wall street crashed the Weimer was hit hard, and the German citizen began to listen to Hitler policies. and ideas
        
        Sig: Germany were forced to cut expense and this led to job losses and wage cuts, banks loss,and industrial plummet.
    - - The economic unrest cause German politic to be polarized and led to Nazi party gaining 18.3% votes in the Reichstag election:
    - - Unemployment reaches 4.9million
- - - - Hitler wanted the Anschluss of Austria, arguing that it shouldn't jsut be a satelite but a part of Germany, Mussolini edisagree but thoguht Autria be a buffer state
      - Hitler support Nazi uprising in Austria, Mussolini reacts by sending troops causing Hitler to renounce support and instead wait on Anchluss and keep hold of Italy's allaince
- - - - Germany sign a non aggression pact with Poland
        
        Poland afraid that that the league nor the West could protect it, sign a 10 year non agression pact with German in order to
        
        Sig; It guarantee the eastern frontier was in Hitler's control , while weakened France security alliance with Poland
        
        sig: This on the appearance mad e Germany look like peaceful nation, while in actuality German plan to use that to keep west at bay as they prep to invade poland
      - Stresa Agreement: aimed at creating a stance onGerman rearmmnet between italy france andbritan
        
        Sig: The Stressa front was a failure because It destroy relation between France and Britain and Italy while Italy invasion gave Hitler confidence to move on with welkpoltiks
    - - Anglo German naval treaty: That German could increasing naval size to 35% and made German submarines and navy on par with britans
      - Italy invades abyssiana
        
        Sig: provide an ideal opportunity for Germany to take action
        
        Force Mussolini to align closer with Hitlers as Britain and France distrust and disliked him
        
        Allowed Hitler take over the rhineland
      - The SaarPlebsicte(vote): the saar voted 90% toreurn to German hand, making it part of the German country
        
        Sig: Allowed for Nazi propaganda that reinfornce that Germany was strength and power was growing "Deutschalnd
    - - Hitler becomes Chancellor
      - Hitler introduce a program for rearmament : his defend it by claiming that France and Britain hadn't disarm and that German had to be fearful of the soviet army
        
        Undr The Rapplao treaty allow Germany to rebuild it military and rearm in Russia and under Russian shroud.
        
        the Luftwaffe was a german aircraft
      - Hitler announce intention to leave the League of Nation
        
        Sig: Hitler leave the disarmament conference and announce to leave the league claiming that it was French conspiracy plan to keep Germany weak and incapable of self-defense. In response the plebiscite gave Hitler a 90% approval rating and gave Hitler the freedom to continue to defy the Treaty of versaille
        
        Sig: Hitler's leaving the league put in danger collective Security
    - - Hitler militarize the Rhineland
        
        Hityler saw it as a was to create a defense taht will prevent french attacks
        
        econimc unrest adn shfood shortage forced him to use this as a distraction of domestic problems
        
        justified it by claiming that the Franco-soviet Mat(mutal assaitstance treaty) violated the Locarno treaty and endangered ermany
      - Send's troops to support Franco's nationalist uprising in Spain
        
        He wanted Spain to be an ally that he could exploit, by having military bases and taking their mineral and resources
        
        Test out air force and air attacks on civilians
        
        Pose as European defender agaisnt communism
        
        A pro-fascist governemnt in Spain would weaken France security
        
        Effect/sig: The war last long that it polarize european opinion, while reinforce suspicion between Braitian, France, and Soviet union, thus preventing a strong anti-fasict allaince. while showing Hitler that he should not expect resistance when he launches Weltpolitks
      - Hitler four year plan
        
        Lebensraum was the way to solved the shortages and economic problems
      - Anti-Comintern pact with Japan: A pact that look to fight against Communist and soviet union if they attacked, the nations would converge on what to do next to protect their mutual interest, similar to an automatic response treaty
      - Rome -Berlin Axis is formed
      - Austro-German agreement
        
        both coutries won't interefere in internal affirs
        
        which German reaffirm its recognition for Austria independece
        
        Austria foreign policy would be in align of being a German State
        
        Sig: Promotoe growth of anzism in Austria
    - - Hossbach memorandum : Hitler says to his military leader, We are about to go to war and if you're not on board you're out
        
        A sign of nazism impact on Germany's foreign policy
        
        Hitler words to his miliatry leader, he declar that the racial comunity inGerman was to be preserve and enlarged Set the plan for German welktpolitk, saying overthrow czech and Austira
        
        Hitler appoint himself as Supreme commander of the army
        
        Sig; used as evidence of Hitler central goal and his pre-planning of the War in the Nuremberg trial after ww2
  - - - France and Britain Declare war on germany
      - Germany occupy Czechoslovakia in March: Prove to Britain that Hitler was not to be trusted.
        
        event leading up: haca czech leader visit Hitelr to talk about him leaving czech alone, but instead what occurs is that He is forced to hadn over Boehima and Moravia
      - Lithuania gives up port mamel to Germany : Mamel a strip of land close to east Prussia with many Germans living there.
      - Anglo-French guarantee of Poland
      - Conscription is introduced in great britain
      - pact of Steel is sign in May: Italy and Germany agree to come to aid of each other if it got involve in more than it can chew. Germany benefit more from the pact than italy would have
      - Anglo-french mission to moscow
      - Nazi-soviet pact
        
        Dived northern and eastern europe into a Soviet and German spehre
        
        Baltic state and half of Poland was Russia's and half o Poland was Germanys
        
        German and russia would remain neutral if eitehr nationwas attacked by a third party
        
        Avoid a two-front war when invading Poland. keep Stalin and russia out of war
        
        Sig: The pact was more like fake friendship. Grman allied to assaude Russsia while it prep itself to eventaully deafeat and conquer Russia, and Russia did the same.
      - Anglo-polish treaty: Claim that Britain would aid Poland if attack, however it failed to create caution in the eyes of Hitler
        
        Led to: Germany's renouncing the Anglo-German naval treaty and the non-aggression Pact with Poland, and Hitler announce his plan for operation white, a limited war on Poland.
      - Germany invades poland
        
        Events leading up:German asked for East Prussia and Danzig, Poland refused out of fear.
        
        using blitzger:fast full sclae offensive they defeat poland qucikly
    - - Anschluss
        
        Anschluss Was declare with Autria and German troop march into austria
        
        Hitler caputera dn tortuer Austra chacneelor and forced himto sign to aggrement that a relase nazi and remove nazi ban adn put nazi's in the goveremnt and military and combined austria economy with Germanys
      - Sudenten Crisis
        
        Led to Chamberlain inteevention: In whihc he wanted to avoid war
      - Berchtesgaden: Sudenten German areas were given to Germany
      - Godesberg: Hitler angered that Chamberlain was able to reach a peaceful settlement and circumventing the War Hitler wanted to launch. however Hitler demand that German troops should occupy Sudenten.
      - Munich agreement: was seen as a stepping stone to absolving Czechslovakia
        
        The four power conference occurs in which Mussolini-Hitler plans for peace was agreed.
        
        The plan claim that the rest of czech would be recognized as independent
  - - - Britain
        
        They were preoocupied with Asia and Japansese expansion
        
        Tehy felt that the treaty was too ahrsh and needed redressing
        
        Were afraid of Stalin's Russai and saw Germany as a Buffer against the spread of communismf rom the east
        
        They were stretched thing in resource and they wanted to avoid any combat, while they reconstructed the British Empire
        
        Appeasement
      - France
        
        France was too weak, was poltically divided and econmic problems and didn't have any support form USA and Britain in regard to upholding the TV, itdecide to create a fotrerss along the Maginot line
        
        The little Entente:
        
        France develop alliances with Poland and the Little entente countries in order to protect itself
        
        The little entente was a series of treaty between Czechoslovakia Yugoslavia, and Romania aimed at preventing Austria and Hungary from regaining land lost in ww1
      - USA
        
        The Depression made US more isolationist and focused on domestic issues
      - Internaitonal econmic situationwas enrocraugin national insularity(narrowness) rather than collective security
      - WW1 was still very prevalent in every nations mind and they were determine to not start another war. Except for Germany and Hitler
      - The big European nations military were still weakened.
      - Britain and France were unable to agree on how to deal with Hitler, so he was often meant with appeasement or ignored
      - League of nations began to be seen as a failure, due to it inability to handle Japan's invasion of Manchuria
      - German's reparation payments were canceled at the Lausanne conference in 1932 as the TV wasbegan to be revised
      - Appeasement