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MUSCLE FUNCTION (LO's: (Realise that energy cost of locomotion arises…
MUSCLE FUNCTION
LO's:
Realise that energy cost of locomotion arises from muscle contraction
Describe types of muscle contraction
Understand how muscle lever systems influence muscle force demands
Discuss mechanisms for reducing the work and force of muscle contraction
Describe how muscle demands relate to body size
Contraction actions:
Shortening
Positive work
Isometric
No work
Resist load
Lengthening
Negative work
Most economic
Injury most likely
How anatomy relates to function:
VELOCITY
Proportional to number of sarcomeres (fibre length)
FORCE
Proportional to number of cross-bridges in parallel (cross sectional area)
Mechanical advantage
Increases with body size
GRAVIPORTAL
Upright limb posture
Decreases required muscle force
Longer stride
Limbs can cycle at lower frequencies
Cost relates to ground reaction forces + posture
Work = force x distance