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MICR 270 (Module 1: Infection, Immunity, & Inflammation (Infection…
MICR 270
Module 1: Infection, Immunity, & Inflammation
primary and secondary lymphoid organs
primary organs
thymus
bone marrow
secondary organs
lymph nodes
tonsils and adenoids
Mucosal associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
Peyer's patches
spleen
Human Immune System
Innate Immune System
chemical barriers
cellular barriers
physical barriers
Adaptive Immune System
humoral immunity (antibody mediated)
cell-mediated immunity (T cell mediated)
Cells of the Immune Systems
all originate from hematopoietic stem cell (self-renewing)
myeloid progenitor
neutrophil
eosinophil
basophil
monocyte
macrophage
dendritic cell
lymphoid progenitor
natural killer (NK) cell
T-cell progenitor
helper T-cell
cytotoxic t-cell
B-cell progenitor
B cell
memory B cell
plasma B
dendritic cell
Infection Disease Causing Agents
bacteria
eg. Vibrio cholerae
Cholera
acute diarrheal disease caused by infection of the intestine
severe infection can result in:
profuse watery diarrhea
vomiting
leg cramps
viruses
eg. Influenza virus
Type A
responsible for seasonal flu epidemics each year
Seasonal Flu
fever
cough
sore throat
running/stuff nose
muscle or body aches
headaches
Type B
fungi
eg. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis
Vaginal Yeast Infection
due to overgrowth of Candida
in women
genital itching
in men
itchy rash on the penis
protozoa
eg. Malaria
protozoan parasite infects female Anopheles mosquito
fever
chills
flu-like illness
helminths
eg. Schistosomiasis
infected individual pees/poops in water, eggs contaminate water source
eggs latch onto certain freshwater snails
infectious form of parasite emerges from snail and infects water around it
infected water affects human skin to cause infection
Module 2: Branches of the Immune System
Adaptive Immune System (#2)
Humoral Immunity (B Cell Immunity) (#2)
B Cell
Antibodies
secreted antibodies
membrane-bound antibodies
Cellular Immunity (T Cell Immunity) (#2)
T Cell
CD4+ T Cell
CD8+ T Cell
Natural Killer T Cell
Y8 T Cell
Innate Immune System (#2)
Barriers of the Innate Immune System
humoral barriers
inflammation initaties the humoral barriers of the innate immune system
eg. cytokines
anti-inflammatory cytokines
pro-inflammatory cytokines
eg. complement system
physical barriers (#2)
external nonspecific responses
mucous
microorganisms get caught in the sticky mucous - cilia then sweep them away
skin
protect against invasion, so long as unbroken
cilia
sweep foreign particles up to throat or away from critical areas
saliva
contain lysozyme which kill bacteria
lungs
contain cilia that trap and sweep particles away from lungs
tears
contain lysozyme that attack bacteria
cellular barriers (#2)
natural killer (NK) cells
neutrophil
dendritic cell
macrophage
pattern recognition pathway steps:
1) pathogen evades physical barriers
2) invasion of host cell
3) release of PAMPs/DAMPs
PAMPs
eg. lipopolysaccharide
eg. peptidoglycan
DAMPs
4) recognition by PRRs
5) activation of immune cells
toll-like receptors
roles of TLR
2 more items...
c-type lectin receptors
NOD-like receptors
Phagocytosis
phagocytic cell types
neutrophils
neutrophil
macrophages & monocytes
macrophage
dendritic cells
dendritic cells
steps
1) attachment
2) ingestion
3) fusion
4) digesiton
5) release
Inflammation
steps:
1) vasodilation
2) exudate
3) chemotaxis
steps of chemotaxis:
1) margination
1 more item...
Module 3: The Immune Response and Immune System Communication
Adaptive Immune Response
Steps:
1) Antigen recognition via APCs
2) lymphocyte activation
3) antigen elimination
4) apoptosis
5) memory
categories of APCs
professional APCs
dendritic cells
dendritic cells
macrophages
macrophage
B cells
non-professional APCs
fibroblast
thymic and thyroid epithelial cells
glial cells
pancreatic beta cells