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Soil + Water and Change (Soil (Soil degradation: process of soil losing…

- - - - Overgrazing
      - Overcultivation
      - Deforestation
      - Industrial pollution - chemicals leaching into soil
      - Unsustainable water use - area eventually becomes arid
    - - Rising temperatures
      - Decreased rainfall
      - Flash floods
      - Topography
  - - - desertification
      - dust storms
      - top soil erosion
      - reduced crop yields
      - famine
      - conflict
    - - crop rotations and fallow periods
      - terracing and contour ploughing
      - reforestation
      - grazing quotas
- - - - Physical scarcity
        
        Population growth
        
        Domestic demands
        
        Agricultural demand
        
        Industrial demand
        
        Sewage
        
        Climate change
        
        Groundwater depletion
      - Economic scarcity
        
        Pollution
        
        Political? e.g. a river that flows in 2 countries
    - - Crop failure
      - Drought
      - Livestock deaths
      - Famine
      - Salt water intrusion - linked to ground water depletion
      - Conflict
      - Refugees
      - Disease
      - Biodiversity loss
    - - Sewage treatment : requires physical, chemical and biological processes to make water clean and drinkable: only Singapore does this on a large scale
      - Virtual water
      - Desalination - evaporate water or reverse osmosis - energy intensive and expensive
      - Education on basic conservation methods e.g. shower instead of bath or half flush toilets
      - Water charities e.g. wateraid building wells
      - Irrigation projects e.g. In Libya
      - Reduce leakage
      - Water metering