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Disparities (Measurements of regionl and global disparities (HDI…

- - - - Composite indicator containing three elements. Better than just looking at money.
        
        It allows comparison between regions and countries
        
        Has been existence since so allows temporal changes
        
        Allows for analysis of differnt components
    - - Does not take into account environmental factors
        
        Data could be unreliable, incomplete or unavailable (does not show internal disparities)
        
        Does not measure factors like human rights, gender and corruption
        
        Literacy measurement changed in 2011 so may make literacy compraisons harder.
- - - - Debts developing countries owe to developed countries or banks
      - TNCs exploiting developing countries
      - Population is highest in developing countries - over pop.
  - - - Transitional Stage
      - Take off
      - Traditional society
      - Drive to Maturity
      - High Mass Consumption
    - - Countries have become stuck and can't move onto next stage
      - Developed countries only reached stage 5 by exploiting countries
      - Debt and corruptions means some countries find it hard to progress
      - Not possible for all countries to enjoy mass consumption (Stage 5)
  - - - Better diet
      - provision of clean water
      - Healthcare
      - Better education (hygiene etc)
    - - War
      - Disease
      - Famine nd droughts
  - - - Target 1. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day
      - Target 2. Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
    - - Target 3. Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling
    - - Reduce by two-thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate.
      - Target 6. Reduce by three-quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio
      - Target 7. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
      - Target 8. Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
- - - - group of countries who have joined together to promote trade.
    - - Prohibition of trade with a particular country
    - - Restictions placed on a countries trading
    - - Tax placed on imported products to reduce demand
    - - when trade is free and fair
      - Benefits
        
        Chance for locl companies
        
        Local companies can create pollution
        
        Improve countries relationships
        
        Employment
        
        Improved education and skill for workers
        
        Improved infrastructure
        
        More opportunities to trade in externl markets
    - - Benefits
        
        Reliance on foreign workers or imports
        
        Reduce transport and air miles cost
        
        better care of environment
        
        economic leakage
        
        unemployment
        
        More workers exploited
        
        TNCs takeover locals
  - - - Vital after natural disasters
      - help build infrastructure
      - improve population health and education
    - - dependency
      - corruption
      - help up by bureaucracy
      - tied aid might not be beneficial to countries specific needs
      - Could lead to high debts
  - - - Reduces unemployment
        
        Reduces pressure on schools and hospitals
        
        Reduces pressure on infrastructure
        
        Remittances go directly to friends and family so enter economy at local level
        
        Migrants can return with new skills (language, ICT)
        
        Improved relations with countries
    - - Remittances fall during economic downturn
      - depencency
      - family division and family pressure/conflict
      - Brain drain