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Great Discoveries and Great Conquers (Christopher Columbus (1451- 1507)…
Great Discoveries and Great Conquers
Christopher Columbus (1451- 1507)
FIRST VOYAGE
Three caravels: the Nina,the Pinta and the Santa Maria
90 sailors. Martin Pinzon, the Second Commander helped him to manage the journey.
The small Nina (only100 tons)
The Pinta (140 tons)
Santa Maria (150 tons); Flagship, led by Colombo
He set sails from Palos on 3 August 1492
They were forced to stop for a month at Canary Islands
On the 12 October 1492, he landed on a island, which he named San Salvador
then he started the exploration
He discovered the Antilles and Cuba
He went back to Spain, convinced he had found the Indies
he was an Italian Explorer and navigator,the first citizen of the Republic of Genoa and then subject to the Kingdom of Castile
Christopher Columbus
asked for funding to sail to the New World
initially to King John of Portugal, who denied the money
then to the King of Castile and Aragon, who agreed to finance Columbus’ travels
Columbus set his own conditions
he would become Admiral, Viceroy and Governor of the discovered lands
the possibility of conferring any kind of nomination in the conquered territories
an income equal to 10% of future sea traffic
happened thanks to
Portuguese
who applied their
Knowledge about Mediterranean navigation
to Atlantic Navigation
Prince of Portugal Henry the Navigator (1394- 1460)
Who financed the studies of
cartographers, geographers, engineers and astronomers
who introduced
new navigation tools
that is
stern rudder
fixed under the rudder,operated by a bar or a wheel
magnetic compass
a tool that could indicate the North
caravel
a sturdy and agile vessel
portolan
a navigation map that let the sailors to navigate
without seeing the coast
astrolabe
To determine the distance of a ship by measuring the height of the stars.
but also
knowledge of winds and currents
and abilities to exploit them
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Bartholomew Diiaz
Circumnavigated Africa (1487)
he wanted to go
from Atlantic Ocean
to The Indian Ocean
but
the opposite currents pushed him to the south
off Cape of Storms
which was called Cape of Good Hope
and finally entered the indian Ocean
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Ferdinand Magellan
Was born in Sabrosa (Portugal) on October 17, 1480
With the support of Charles V, King of Spain
made the first circumnavigation of the Earth globe
was the first to reach the Indies from Europe to the west.
The strategic aim of the shipment
was to look for a new sea route for the Spice Islands
avoiding the shift from Africa
Additionally, it would also be important to discover new lands to be annexed to the Empire of the King of Spain.
with 5 ships and 237 men
he leaped
on the 20th of September 1519
by Sanlúcar de Barrameda in Spain.
On the 28th of November 1520
he crossed the Strait into the present Chile which was named after him
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With his trip proved that
the Earth is spherical
the circumference of the planet is greater than any geographer has ever believed
America can be circumnavigated just like Africa
you miss 24 hours if you follow the Sun's way from overseas to the east